Grapevine canopy response to a high‐temperature event during deficit irrigation

Background and Aims: Despite much anecdotal evidence, there has been little scientific investigation of the potential effects of a high‐temperature event on grapevines during deficit irrigation. This study examined the interaction between temperature and water status on leaf physiology. Methods and Results: Two experiments used Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings grown in a glasshouse at approximately 27–30°C before deficit irrigation treatments were imposed. When water stress was apparent, a 2‐day high‐temperature event with maximum daytime temperatures of approximately 40–45°C was generated. Leaf damage, stomatal conductance and water potential of deficit‐irrigated vines were all affected to a greater extent than in the well‐watered vines. Conclusions: The negative effects of a high‐temperature event on vine physiology were more severe in vines experiencing water stress than in well‐watered vines, but recovery was rapid even without re‐watering. Significance of the Study: An increase in the use of deficit irrigation will lead to a greater likelihood of vines being water stressed on hot days, and the observed responses indicate that this will result in greater damage to the vine.     

极危孑遗蕨类中华水韭叶结构的系统学意义

水韭属是濒危的孑遗植物,是研究古生态及其物种演化的活化石。本文用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了中华水韭叶片的结构特征,首次报道了:(1)通气道横隔细胞在同一平面以5~7个放射状短臂相互连接,且细胞表面有数百个微纤毛;(2)叶表皮为复表皮;(3)光合细胞以5~7个短臂在3D空间相互连接;(4)叶脉不分支,管胞的环纹与初生壁间另有连接结构,管胞周围有薄壁细胞紧密包围;(5)舌足与叶肉嵌合处各有表皮;(6)自气孔下室观察了气孔器的内侧结构,为气孔研究拓展了视野。认为水韭属叶片的超微3D结构具有稳定的特殊性和复杂性,与近源的石松科及卷柏科相差甚远,证明水韭有孤立的演化路线。     

护顶层保护下采场结构参数优化研究

为了实现护顶措施控制下采场的结构参数优化，采用大型有限元分析软件——ANSYS对康家湾矿深部典型采场顶板的稳定性进行数值模拟、分析，根据结果对当前采矿方案提出修正和调整建议，以便更清楚地掌握深部地压发展变化规律，有效进行地压管理，实现深部顶板不稳固矿体的安全开采。     

番荔枝属不同品种叶表面微形态的电镜观察

应用扫描电子显微镜对番荔枝属九个番荔枝品种的叶表面角质、蜡质、表皮毛、气孔等微形态进行了观察比较.结果显示：它们之间的叶表面表皮毛、角质、蜡质和气孔等微形态均有较大的差异.秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、无核番荔枝上下表面均具有单列丝状毛,气孔只分布于下表面;普通番荔枝、圆滑番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝叶表面均无表皮毛;秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、普通番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝上下表皮角质呈不规则的岛状突起,而圆滑番荔枝、无核番荔枝表面角质较平,角质膜形状不甚清晰;以上所述番荔枝叶表面都覆盖有密厚的针晶状蜡被;除圆滑番荔枝的气孔有副卫细胞外,其它气孔只有保卫细胞而无副卫细胞;刺番荔枝、山刺番荔枝、牛心番荔枝的叶表皮毛为短棍棒状,其表皮角质细胞呈乳突状或波状突起;山刺番荔枝的棒状毛顶端钝圆,而刺番荔枝与牛心番荔枝的棒状毛顶端尖锐;刺番荔枝和山刺番荔枝只有下表皮才具有棒状毛,其气孔形状近似圆形,孔口略内陷于表皮层,牛心番荔枝表面角质呈不规则波状突起,气孔细长稍突.由于这些不同的叶表面微形态是长期受各物种原产地的气候、环境条件影响所形成的,因此研究番荔枝品种的叶表面微形态结构,对正确引种和推广番荔枝果树种植有着重要的意义.     

利用夜间灯光分析胡焕庸线两侧社会经济发展不均衡状况

利用遥感技术评估我国东西部社会经济发展情况及差异,对我国制定发展战略和具体实施具有重大意义。研究利用夜间灯光遥感数据表征社会经济发展状况,在县一级分析了胡焕庸线两侧的发展速率、重心转移情况;结合遥感植被指数引入“灯光/植被”比值指数,分析经济发展和绿色空间的动态权衡;将海岸带不同距离缓冲区灯光与西部灯光比重进行对比;利用基尼系数测度东西部发展的不均衡状况。结果表明：全国、东西部社会经济快速发展,灯光重心基本稳定,分别在开封市、淮北市、阿拉善南部地区小范围漂移;我国海岸带聚集了高强度的社会经济活动,30 km缓冲区内灯光总量基本已经与西部灯光总量相当;东西部基尼系数逐年降低;比值指数的空间自相关分析探测到沿海灯光趋于饱和,相邻的内陆县域为潜在的高强度开发空间。研究结果说明了我国东西部内部经济发展差异仍然显著,但是均衡性趋好,东部发展应进入更加注重绿化维持的阶段,内陆地区也将逐渐进入快速发展阶段。研究结论对我国乡村振兴重点地区的精准识别、生态治理修复规划等都具有借鉴意义。     

The Conserved and Specific Roles of the LUX ARRHYTHMO in Circadian Clock and Nodulation

LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) plays a key role in circadian rhythms and flowering. Here, we identified the MtLUX gene which is the putative ortholog of LUX in Medicago truncatula. The roles of MtLUX, in both the nodulation belowground and leaf movement aboveground, were investigated by characterizing a loss-of-function mtlux mutant. MtLUX was required for the control of flowering time under both long-day and short-day conditions. Further investigations showed that the early flowering in the mtlux mutant was correlated with the elevated expression level of the MtFTa1 gene but in a CO-like independent manner. MtLUX played a conserved role in the regulatory interactions with MtLHY, MtTOC1, and MtPRR genes, which is similar to those in other species. Meanwhile, the unexpected functions of MtLUX were revealed in nodule formation and nyctinastic leaf movement, probably through the indirect regulation in MtLHY. Its participation in nodulation is of interest in the context of functional conservation and the neo-functionalization of the products of LUX orthologs.     

Rosmarinic Acid,as an NHE1 Activator,Decreases Skin Surface pH and Improves the Skin Barrier Function

Stratum corneum (SC) pH regulates skin barrier functions and elevated SC pH is an important factor in various inflammatory skin diseases. Acidic topical formulas have emerged as treatments for impaired skin barriers. Sodium proton exchanger 1 (NHE1) is an important factor in SC acidification. We investigated whether topical applications containing an NHE1 activator could improve skin barrier functions. We screened plant extracts to identify NHE1 activators in vitro and found Melissa officinalis leaf extract. Rosmarinic acid, a component of Melissa officinalis leaf extract, significantly increased NHE1 mRNA expression levels and NHE1 production. Immunofluorescence staining of NHE1 in 3D-cultured skin revealed greater upregulation of NHE1 expression by NHE1 activator cream, compared to vehicle cream. Epidermal lipid analysis revealed that the ceramide level was significantly higher upon application of the NHE1 activator cream on 3D-cultured skin, compared to application of a vehicle cream. In a clinical study of 50–60-year-old adult females (n = 21), application of the NHE1 activator-containing cream significantly improved skin barrier functions by reducing skin surface pH and transepidermal water loss and increasing skin hydration, compared to patients who applied vehicle cream and those receiving no treatment. Thus, creams containing NHE1 activators, such as rosmarinic acid, could help maintain or recover skin barrier functions.     

天喔“枇杷叶花”饮品的研制及其品质特点

以枇杷叶花为主要原料,制作枇杷叶花饮品.介绍了产品生产工艺及操作规程,并检测了产品质量.     

枸杞汁保健泡腾冲剂的研制

以枸杞汁和枸杞叶汁为主要原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸、香精、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐等辅料,经调配、过滤、浓缩、干燥、灭菌、包装等工序加工而成的枸杞汁保健泡腾冲剂,其色泽美观、口感较好、风味独特、溶解和泡腾性好,是具有较强保健作用的产品。     

酸枣果三萜皂苷抑菌和抗氧化活性的研究

对纯化的酸枣果三萜皂苷进行抑菌和抗氧化活性研究。结果表明,三萜皂苷具有广谱抗菌效果,对实验所用的致病菌有较强的抑制和灭活作用。对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌和炭疽杆菌的MIC可达0.078mg/mL。MBC值范围为0.180～0.712mg/mL,尤其对绿脓假单胞菌和白色假丝酵母菌显示明显的抑制作用。通过清除DPPH自由基、铁还原抗氧化能力法、降低能量、硫代巴比妥酸法和抑制β-胡萝卜素漂白等体外抗氧化反应来研究其抗氧化性能,并以人工合成的抗氧化剂BHT作对照,结果表明三萜皂苷具有显著的抗氧化效应。因此,酸枣果可作为食品、化妆品和药品行业的天然原料来源。