微电解Fenton法处理有机废水可行性研究

采用微电解Fenton法处理硫铵酯-苯甲羟肟酸-苯胺黑有机废水。考察了初始pH值、铁屑及活性炭投入量、曝气量、H₂O₂用量、催化剂MnO₂加入量和反应时间对废水COD、NH₃-N和色度去除率的影响。最佳条件为:初始pH=3、铁屑用量70 g/L、活性炭用量80 g/L、H₂O₂用量7 mg/L、MnO₂用量8.0 g/L、曝气量500 mL/(min·L)、反应时间20 min,此时废水COD、NH₃-N和色度的去除率达88.21%、93.57%和98.68%。通过多因素正交实验确定了影响COD、NH₃-N和色度去除率的因素强弱顺序为:铁屑投入量=活性炭投入量>H₂O₂用量>pH值>MnO₂用量。     

水泥及微集料的色度研究(Ⅰ)--基于Lab空间色彩体系的水泥颜色的定量表示及测定

参照日本JIS标准,基于R·S·Hunter提出的Lab空问色彩体系建立了水泥颜色的定量表示方法.该方法可以明确表示出水泥色彩的色相、纯度、明度等色彩特征,并且与目视观察的结果具有很好的一致性.使用色差计可以定量测定水泥和粉煤灰、矿渣粉等微集料的Lab空间色彩体系的参数,这些参数可以为水泥和微集料色度评价和控制提供依据.介绍了水泥色度的测定方法和主要影响因素.     

High chroma pearlescent pigments designed by optical simulation

Pearlescent pigments are one of the most essential materials not only in paints, plastics, and printing inks, but also in cosmetics. Pigments with higher chroma, color purity, and brightness are in high demand all over the world. In this study we developed a high chroma pearlescent pigment for powder foundation. To produce the high chroma pearlescent pigment, we have designed the layer structure of a pearlescent pigment using computer simulation. In the simulation we have considered its layer structure, the complex refractive indices of the layers, and the thickness distribution of a mica substrate that was measured with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The layer thicknesses have been optimized. The feature of this design is that iron oxide having selective light absorption has been adopted as the layer material to enhance certain wavelengths of the reflected light, which is one of the properties of high chroma. Thus, we have found that a mica substrate homogeneously coated with iron oxide which is further coated with colorless titanium dioxide has a high chroma compared to ordinary pearlescent pigments. The designed pigment has been synthesized by developing a novel manufacturing method to achieve a low roughness iron-oxide surface. We believe that this simulation is useful for designing other pearlescent pigments.     

铁基生物絮凝剂对石英纯化工业废水脱色研究

通过自制的高效铁基生物絮凝剂对石英纯化工业实际废水进行脱色。考察了铁基生物絮凝剂投加量、p H、搅拌强度、自由沉降时间对色度去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:生物絮凝剂可以高效降低工业石英纯化工业废水色度;酸性条件有利于石英纯化工业实际废水的脱色;在p H=5.0,投加量为1.0%(体积分数)、搅拌强度为50 r/min和自由沉降时间为25 min的条件下,处理后废水的色度可达14,去除率达到98.9%。处理后石英纯化工业废水的色度低于《工业用水水质》(GB/T 19923—2005)回用标准限值。     

Interpretation concerns regarding white light

The article “White Light” by Mark Rea and Jean Paul Freyssinier is summarized and discussed. The measurement procedure is very promising, and could lead to a variety of significant measurements. However, some of the interpretations presented are problematic. The measurements were based on loci of equal correlated colour temperature, which have neither precise nor consistent physiological or perceptual interpretations, and the resultant conclusions are therefore not uniquely meaningful. Nevertheless, the measurement technique could easily be adapted to slightly different methodologies that could be very powerful, and such replication is highly recommended. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2013     

臭氧氧化法处理煤化工难降解废水实验研究

某煤化工废水经生物处理后COD仍然在500mg／L以上,色度较大,为保证后处理排水达标,对该废水进行臭氧氧化处理。经实验,处理1L废水时的最佳反应条件为进气流量0．6m3／h,产臭氧量7．73mg／min,气循环1．0m3/h,反应时间30min。处理后COD去除率为30％,废水B／C达到0．3,色度达80％。     

负载两种不同电极材料MEC处理实际垃圾渗滤液的运行特性

构建了以碳毡（A-MEC）和碳刷（B-MEC）为电极材料的微生物电解池（microbial electrolysis cell, MEC）处理实际垃圾渗滤液,研究不同外加电压条件下反应器的运行特性。结果表明,外加电压对MEC系统污染物去除率有显著影响且呈正相关性,外加电压升高到1.2V时,A-MEC和B-MEC对垃圾渗滤液中COD的最大去除率分别为48.23%±0.22%和70.21%±1.12%,\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N最大去除率分别为88.83%±1.19%和84.55%±2.08%,运行时A-MEC和B-MEC的最大电流密度分别为11.12A/m³、12.52A/m³,相比于A-MEC系统,B-MEC的内阻更低;两种MEC系统对浊度和色度均有明显的去除效果,但B-MEC色度去除率比A-MEC高出47.83%±1.62%;紫外-可见光谱结果表明,两种MEC处理后垃圾渗滤液的特征波长波峰明显低于初始垃圾渗滤液,说明不饱和键被破坏,结构复杂程度下降。通过电镜扫描进一步发现碳刷电极的微生物形态要比碳毡电极丰富。本文为高效处理垃圾渗滤液提供了新的思路。     

色差法确定化学反应终点的研究

建立用色差法确定化学反应终点的分析方法,探索色度学在化学分析中的应用。应用色度学理论,利用色差计测定反应终点前后的颜色变化(色差ΔE),作ΔE—Vol曲线,Δ1E/ΔVol1—Vol曲线及Δ2E/ΔVol2—Vol曲线,用内插法计算求得反应终点的滴定液消耗的体积数。用该法测定的滴定液体积数与常规方法结果相符合。该方法消除了由于人眼对颜色的敏感程度不同而造成的对反应终点的判断偏差。实验结果客观,准确,若结合该方法制造出自动色差滴定仪,则使化学分析方法更客观,更准确,更方便。     

A comment about the chroma scale of Nayatani‐theoretical color order system

Nayatani‐theoretical (NT) color order system is a Hue–Tone color order systems. It can be used for determining surface colors with the same Tone (equiperceived lightness and equiperceived chroma) irrespective of hues under reference illuminant. The fundamental structure of NT system uses Munsell attributes HV/C for the easiness of its use. Some deviations caused by the approximation on chroma scale are naturally expected in NT system, although the formula used for deriving equivalent lightness V_eq has the same structure as that for deriving L*_eq using the corresponding CIELUV formula. The present article discusses the degree of approximation, and confirms the goodness of approximation. NT system can be used as it is for the field of artistic color design (complete accuracy is not required). The corrections, however, should be introduced in NT system, when higher accuracy is required. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 230–233, 2007     

不同酵母菌发酵对猕猴桃果酒品质的影响

该研究以四川省苍溪县地区所产的红心猕猴桃为原料,在同一实验条件（带皮破壁）下经7种不同酵母菌（AU、BA、BV、EC、FR、MA、RW）发酵得到不同猕猴桃果酒,利用色度仪、电子鼻、电子舌等对猕猴桃果酒的色泽、风味、滋味等进行分析;使用主成分分析法（PCA）和非加权组平均法（UPGMA）评价猕猴桃果酒的整体品质。结果表明,不同酵母菌发酵制得的猕猴桃果酒整体品质存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）。酵母菌AU、MA发酵的猕猴桃果酒具有良好的色泽,酵母菌BV发酵的猕猴桃果酒在气味和滋味上表现较为优异,可为猕猴桃果酒酵母菌的选择提供参考。