不同辅料添加量对挤压重组米的消化特性的影响

本研究以籼米为主料,在主料中分别添加芦丁、富铬酵母等辅料制备挤压重组米,以市售普通籼米和籼米挤压重组米作为对照,探讨了不同辅料添加量挤压重组米色泽的变化,对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制作用,和对挤压重组米的血糖生成指数和体外消化作用的影响。结果表明,芦丁或富铬酵母添加量大于0.05%时,重组米的色泽与普通籼米和籼米挤压重组米有显著差异。芦丁添加量为0.35%时对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制率最大,分别为38.54%和62.09%;富铬酵母添加量0.09%时对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制率最大,分别为17.93%和40.14%。0.35%芦丁和0.09%富铬酵母的挤压重组米的血糖生成指数(Glycemic index,GI)分别为77.02和78.29,与普通籼米GI值接近。添加0.35%的芦丁或添加任何比例的富铬酵母的快消化淀粉(rapidly digestible starch,RDS)、慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch,SDS)和抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)均与空白挤压米有显著差异,说明添加0.35%的芦丁或添加富铬酵母均能改善重组米在体外的消化情况,减缓血糖体外的吸收。     

色度与啤酒组成的相关性研究

16种啤酒的发酵度为72.29%～73.53%、原浓7.98～10.39°P、乙醇体积分数3.70%～4.94%,SAS9.0统计结果表明,色度与发酵度、原浓、乙醇体积分数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),相关性依次增强,与啤酒pH值(4.01～4.31)呈极显著正相关(P<0.0001)。啤酒色度与总氮(422.1～500.5mg/L)、低分子氮(183.2～278.4mg/L)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);与中分子氮(68.4～99.6mg/L)、α-AN(37.9～65.8mg/L)、溶解氧(0.04～0.12mg/L)呈显著正相关(P<0.05);与酒中Mg含量(73.18～91.38mg/L)呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。啤酒总酸(1.35～1.62mL/100mL)、高分子氮(100.8～166.1mg/L)、Ca(69.75～89.85mg/L)、K(138.6～212.4mg/L)、Na(41.3～51.8mg/L)、Zn(0.05～0.325mg/L)与啤酒色度无相关性(P>0.1)。     

Lightness dependency of chroma scales of a nonlinear color-appearance model and its latest formulation

It has been noticed that the lightness dependency of equal chroma loci of the nonlinear color-appearance model already reported deviates markedly from that of equal Chroma loci of the Munsell scheme. to solve this problem, the new chroma C_N of the model is proposed by applying the correction of lightness L_A to the chroma C previously used. the chroma C is now used to predict the saturation of the newly revised model. the introduction of C_N improves significantly the agreement of lightness dependency between the model chroma, the Munsell Chroma, and the NCS chromaticness at various lightness levels. the formulation for the revised nonlinear colorappearance model is given in the Appendix.     

Proposal of an opponent‐colors system based on color‐appearance and color‐vision studies

A new theoretical color order system is proposed on the basis of various studies on color appearance and color vision. It has three orthogonal opponent‐colors axes and an improved chromatic strength of each hue. The system has color attributes whiteness w, blackness bk, grayness gr, chroma C, and hue H. A method is given for determining Munsell notations of any colors on any equi‐hue planes in the system. A method is also given for determining grayness regions and grayness values on hue‐chroma planes in the system. It is concluded that colors with the same color attributes [w, gr, bk, C] but with different hues in the theoretical space have approximately the same perceived lightness, the same degree of vividness (“azayakasa” in Japanese), and also the same color tone. The tone concept, for example used in the Practical Color Coordinate System (PCCS), is clarified perceptually. The proposed system is a basic and latent color‐order system to PCCS. In addition, the concept of veiling grayness by a pure color with any hue is introduced. Further, relationships are clarified between generalized chroma c(gen) and grayness. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 29, 135–150, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10234     

混凝沉淀-曝气生物滤池-纳米材料复合膜技术在印染废水回用处理中的应用

本文介绍了在某中试装置中采用混凝-曝气生物滤池-纳米材料复合膜工艺处理印染废水达到中水回用标准。研究结果表明：该工艺流程可有效地去除印染废水中的浊度、色度、COD和SS,系统出水CODMn低于10mg／L,浊度小于1NTU,色度低于5倍。该工艺采用混凝和曝气生物滤池作为预处理去除废水中大部分的COD、悬浮物,从而保证纳米材料复合膜系统进水要求。     

水泥及微集料的色度研究(Ⅱ)--掺入微集料对水泥色度影响的定量分析

试验了在水泥中掺入矿渣粉、粉煤灰、石灰石粉和窑灰等微集料对水泥色度的影响。结果表明：这些微集料对水泥色度有不同程度的影响,微集料的掺入量与水泥色度的L、a、b值多存在显著的相关关系。使用一元线性回归得到了微集料掺入量对水泥色度影响的定量关系。     

Fenton试剂氧化法去除染料废水的色度

对染料废水进行Fenton试剂氧化处理,探讨反应时间、过氧化氢用量、Fe SO4·7H2O用量、温度及pH值对染料废水色度去除率的影响。结果表明,100 m L色度为1 250度的染料废水,经Fenton试剂氧化处理50 min,色度去除率94.44%,剩余色度为69.5度,达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB4287-2012)间接排放标准。     

低压加氢喷气燃料中残留氮化物的类型及其对喷气燃料色度的影响

针对由于低压加氢精制喷气燃料（LPHJF）中氮化物残留引起的色度不合格问题,对残留氮化物的类型及其对喷气燃料色度的影响进行分析。采用酸萃取方法对低压加氢喷气燃料中残留氮化物进行浓缩分离,同时采用酸性白土对LPHJF进行补充精制并通过索氏抽提法分离并富集酸性白土吸附物;采用FT IR、GC MS对氮浓缩物和白土吸附物进行分析表征;考察了不同化合物对喷气燃料色度的影响。结果表明,选用3%HCl为酸萃取剂,剂/油体积比为1/10时,对氮化物的萃取效果较好;低压加氢喷气燃料残留氮浓缩物主要是喹啉类、吡啶类、苯胺类、异喹啉类和酰胺类化合物,白土吸附物的类型和相对含量与之一致;对喷气燃料色度的影响大小顺序为：喹啉＞吡啶＞苯胺＞异喹啉和酰胺。白土补充精制能够有效脱除吡啶、喹啉、苯胺等残留氮化物,保证喷气燃料产品色度合格。     

Improved upsampling filter design for spatially scalable video coding

Scalable video coding is an ongoing standard, and the current working draft (WD) is to be finalized as an extension of H.264/AVC. It provides scalability at the bit stream level with good compression efficiency and allowing free combinations of spatial, temporal and quality scalability. In the WD, a uniform up‐sampling filter is employed to interpolate the base layer frames. This technique achieves high interpolated precision for both luma component and chroma components, but it results in extremely large encoding time which obstructs it from practical use. This paper proposes an improved up‐sampling filter design for spatially scalable video coding. It makes use of a basic characteristic of human vision system and intends to assign different filters for different components. Specifically, current usage of the 6‐tap up‐sampling filter is only for luma component, but for chroma components, much more simplified filter such as 4‐tap filter or 2‐tap filter should be used instead. Experimental results show that improved up‐sampling filter design reduces the computational complexity significantly with negligible coding loss and bit‐rate increases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 315–319, 2007     

基于色度裁减技术的评价方法

该文介绍了一种基于色度裁减技术的评价方法,用三种不同的目标域来检测目标色域模型对不同匹配技术的影响。与以往方法的不同之处在于本文采用的是通过对单一颜色的比较推断出衡量出影响色相的主要因素。虽然连续色度裁减技术保持亮度不变,整体上是最优的,但也有例外的情况。实验结果指出了在全局趋势和特定例外情况下的一种折中方法,对于图像中的局部色域和目标色域有一定的借鉴意义。