激光器实用价值的评判

提出用于评价激光器产品实用价值的Q因子,它由激光器的亮度、脉冲宽度及价格确定。Q值大的激光器,开发及发展的潜力大。     

电荷灵敏放大器不用反馈高值电阻的新方法

本文提出了一种电荷灵敏放大器不用反馈高值电阻的新方法。对这种方法作了电路分析以及对实际电路的测量结果作了介绍。     

Expressing the equivalence of non‐isothermal and isothermal heat sterilization processes

Currently, the sterility of heat‐processed food and pharmaceuticals is assessed in terms of an F₀ value, based on the equivalence of the heat treatment to an isothermal process at a reference temperature. This F₀ value, however, has a meaning if, and only if, the inactivation kinetics of the targeted spores (or cells) follow a first‐order relationship and the temperature dependence of the D value, the reciprocal of the rate constant, is log‐linear. There is growing evidence that these conditions are not satisfied by many spores, including those of Clostridium botulinum and vegetative cells. Consequently, a replacement for the F₀ value is proposed in the form of a momentary equivalent time at the reference temperature based on the actual survival pattern of the spores, which need not be log‐linear. This equivalent time can be calculated together with the theoretical survival ratio in real time, thus enabling an operator to monitor the lethality of ongoing industrial heat processes. The concept is demonstrated with published survival data of C. botulinum, for which the Weibullian and log‐logistic models served as primary and secondary models, respectively. The safety factor according to the proposed method is in the number of added minutes of processing, beyond the theoretical time needed to reduce the survival ratio of the targeted spores or cells to a level that would produce practical (or commercial) sterility. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

变频调速节能改造方案的经济性评价和比较

本文详细介绍了变频调速节能改造方案的经济性评价方法。静态分析法包括投资回收期法、抵偿年限法和年计算费用法；动态分析法则包括净现值法、内部回收率法、总费用现值法和最小年费用法。     

钢筋混凝土结构内的钢筋腐蚀监测

用钢筋混凝土修建的建筑物和构筑物，因受外界因素的影响，其内部钢筋可能会受到腐蚀而生锈，锈蚀严重者将危及安全。根据钢筋在混凝土内的锈蚀是一个电化学过程的特点，在不损伤钢筋混凝土结构的条件下，利用腐蚀监测仪，测量钢筋混凝的电化学特性值，并以此特性值绘制等值线图，利用该图能正确评估混凝土内钢筋受腐蚀的情况。     

Chromatic luminance,colorimetric purity,and optimal aperture‐color stimuli

Chromatic luminance (i.e., luminance of a monochromatic color) is the source of all luminance, since achromatic luminance arises only from mixing colors and their chromatic luminances. The ratio of chromatic luminance to total luminance (i.e., chromatic plus achromatic luminance) is known as colorimetric purity, and its measurement has long been problematic for nonspectral hues. Colorimetric purity (p_c) is a luminance metric in contrast to excitation purity, which is a chromaticity‐diagram metric approximating saturation. The CIE definition of p_c contains a fallacy. CIE defines maximum (1.0) p_c for spectral stimuli as monochromatic (i.e., optimal) stimuli, and as the line between spectrum ends for nonspectrals. However, this line has <0.003 lm/W according to CIE colorimetric data and is therefore effectively invisible. It only represents the limit of theoretically attainable colors, and is of no practical use in color reproduction or color appearance. Required is a locus giving optimal rather than invisible nonspectral stimuli. The problem is partly semantic. CIE wisely adopted the term colorimetric purity, rather than the original spectral luminance purity, to permit an equivalent metric for spectrals and nonspectrals, but the parameter of equivalence was never clear. Since 1 p_c denotes optimal aperture‐color stimuli for spectrals, arguably 1 p_c should denote optimal stimuli consistently for all stimuli. The problem reduces to calculating optimal aperture‐color stimuli (“optimal” in energy efficiency in color‐matching) for nonspectrals, shown to comprise 442 + 613 nm in all CIE illuminants. This remedy merely requires redefinition of 1 p_c for nonspectrals as the line 442–613 nm, and gives meaningful p_c values over the hue cycle allowing new research of chromatic luminance relations with color appearance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 469–476, 2007     

奇异值分解对非定常约束多体系统的动力学分析

通过对约束方程的雅可比矩阵进行奇异值分解，定义组合坐标，从拉格朗日第一类方程出发，建立了非定常约束多体系统的纯微分方程，给出了动力学数值分析的过程，最后举了一个算例。     

砼回弹法测强统计分析

简述了砼回弹法测强与抗压强度对比试验的方法，得出了影响砼回弹测强的种种因素，通过统计分析给出了砼回弹测强的实用计算公式，从而就可在结构物上直接进行回弹测强，达到及时，方便，准确地了解结构物的强度．     

论情感化造型语言在产品设计中的体现

本文从产品设计在情感化产品中的造型语言入手,从本能情感、行为情感和反思情感三方面具体阐述了情感化的造型语言在现代产品设计中的体现形式,旨在让人们对于产品的造型语言有更加深入清晰的认识,更好的实现工业产品的人性化设计。     

Arnold置乱在零水印中的二次复用

为了提高水印的鲁棒性和减小对应版权信息的大小,本文提出了一种基于Arnold变换、DWT和SVD的零水印算法。该算法将载体图像进行DWT变换,对低频子带进行分块SVD;比较置乱后的最大奇异值的大小,若大于则对应位为1,否则为0;将结果与预处理过的水印做异或运算,得密钥矩阵。该矩阵为检测水印提供密钥。实验证明,本算法对图像压缩、滤波、模糊、噪声及脏图具有良好的鲁棒性。