基于干基高位发热量的煤及煤矸石、矸石的分级研究

贵州省是产煤大省,年产量在1．4亿t以上,其中动力用煤在7000万t以上。由于电价比较低,煤炭在价格上和省外有较大差异,因此贵州省煤炭交易过程中,掺入煤矸石和矸石、各种非煤物质比较常见。利用煤及煤矸石、矸石按干基高位发热量的不同对其进行明确的分级命名,使煤炭生产经营中动力配煤行为更加规范、合理,有利于提高中国动力煤质量,并能有效节约宝贵的煤炭资源,对环境保护等将起到非常重要的作用。     

偏氟乙烯乳液聚合的气液传质效果影响因素的研究

首先推导出表征气液传质效果的K值计算方法,借此研究了聚合釜装填量、搅拌桨型和转速等因素对气液传质效果的影响,结果表明:随着聚合釜装填量和搅拌转速的增大,K值增大,气液传质效果提高;在搅拌转速大于500r·min-1情况下,桨型采用上层二叶平桨、下层二叶斜桨的方式明显比单层的二叶斜桨或二叶平桨的K值大,气液传质效果好。确定了5L釜偏氟乙烯(VDF)乳液聚合必需的良好搅拌效果的条件:装填量3L、搅拌转速700r·min-1、桨型采用上层二叶平桨和下层二叶斜桨;VDF聚合速度达到了115gPVDF·(L·h)-1,合成出固含量20wt%、粒径分布窄、稳定性好的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)乳液。     

离线镀膜玻璃的色差分析及检测

简要介绍了镀膜玻璃色差的危害及主要原因,从玻璃原片和薄膜两方面分析了其产生的原因,并说明了检测色差的原理及方法.     

低温燃烧合成Ce1-xPrxO2红色稀土颜料的呈色性能的研究

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O,Pr6O11为主要原料,用低温燃烧合成法在250℃左右点火,合成了从粉红、红色直至棕红的一系列Ce1-xPrxO2(0.01≤x≤0.50)红色稀土颜料.用XRD,CIELab色度仪对产物进行了测试分析,研究了Pr掺杂量、保温温度及时间对其呈色性能的影响.结果表明:不同的Pr掺杂量对该Ce1-xPrxO2红色稀土颜料色度值和主波长均有影响.掺杂后Pr进入CeO2晶格,从而使该颜料呈现出一系列红色.在不同温度下对低温燃烧合成颜料进行热处理,随温度升高,其色度值a*增加,明度值L*降低,颜色逐渐变深,主波长增加.在1200℃下,对该颜料进行不同时间的保温,发现保温2h的呈色性能最佳.     

LDPE高透明薄膜专用料156-050的开发

通过对乙烯聚合机理和聚乙烯分子结构的分析,指出了影响薄膜透明性、光泽度的各种因素,从而确定了生产低密度聚乙烯高透明薄膜专用料156-050的工艺方法和控制参数,反应温度控制在310-320℃。反应压力控制在242MPa。用156-050生产的薄膜,其性能指标都在优等品的范围。     

褐煤半焦水蒸气活化法制备活性炭的工艺研究

通过对褐煤半焦水蒸气活化法制备活性炭原理的探讨及实验研究,分析了活化温度及时间、水蒸气流量等影响因素;用煤焦油做粘结剂制得的活性炭具有优越的物理和化学性能;在褐煤半焦粒度- 1 0 0目,活化温度70 0℃,活化时间4h ,水蒸气流量1 0 88 .89ml/min时,制得的活性炭碘吸附值达到了1 1 36. 39mg/g。     

催化剂对兖州煤泥燃烧特性的影响

为充分利用煤泥资源 ,在其中添加助燃催化剂 ,以期提高它的燃烧热效率 .对比研究了硝酸钾催化剂及 TF配方助燃催化剂对兖州煤泥着火温度、燃尽温度和放热面积的影响 .研究结果表明 ,添加催化剂后 ,煤泥着火温度降低 ,燃尽温度提前 ,且燃烧放热量增加 ;TF配方催化剂对煤泥催化燃烧的效果优于硝酸钾催化剂 .探讨了助燃催化剂对煤催化燃烧的作用机理 .     

超重力技术吹脱焦化氨氮废水的试验研究

介绍了超重力技术在生化氨氮废水处理中的试验研究,通过调节pH值,使大量的空气和废水接触,将废水中游离氨吹走,达到降低废水中氨氮的目的。实际运行后,脱氨效率提高13.8%,超重机抗堵性能好,但由于受温度等影响,也存在油包水、油乳化等问题有待解决。     

A correlation for calculating HHV from proximate analysis of solid fuels

Higher heating value (HHV) and composition of biomass, coal and other solid fuels, are important properties which define the energy content and determine the clean and efficient use of these fuels. There exists a variety of correlations for predicting HHV from ultimate analysis of fuels. However, the ultimate analysis requires very expensive equipments and highly trained analysts. The proximate analysis on the other hand only requires standard laboratory equipments and can be run by any competent scientist or engineer. A few number of correlations of HHV with proximate analysis have appeared in the solid fuel literature in the past but were focused on one fuel or dependent on the country of origin. This work introduces a general correlation, based on proximate analysis of solid fuels, to calculate HHV, using 450 data points and validated further for additional 100 data points. The entire spectrum of solid carbonaceous materials like coals, lignite, all types of biomass material, and char to residue-derived fuels have been considered in derivation of present correlation which is given as below: HHV=0.3536FC+0.1559VM−0.0078ASH (MJ/kg) (where FC 1.0-91.5% fixed carbon, VM 0.92-90.6% volatile matter and Ash 0.12-77.7% ash content in wt% on a dry basis). The average absolute error of this correlation is 3.74% and bias error is 0.12% with respect to the measured value of HHV, which is much less than that of previous correlations of the similar kind. The major advantage of this correlation is its capability to compute HHV of any fuel simply from its proximate analysis and thereby provides a useful tool for modeling of combustion, gasification and pyrolysis processes. It can also be used in examining old/new data for probable errors when results lie much outside the predicted results.     

Deterioration of diacylglycerol‐ and triacylglycerol‐rich oils during frying of potatoes

The stabilities of a commercial diacylglycerol‐rich oil (DAG) and a salad oil (TAG) that had been prepared from a mixture of rapeseed and soybean oils were compared while frying potatoes at 180 °C for 3 h. The representative chemical and physical characteristics of the oils were assessed before and after frying, together with the amount of volatile aldehydes in the exhaust of frying. Among the deterioration indications, the carbonyl value, polymer content, and residual polyunsaturated fatty acid content were similar and not significantly different between the TAG and DAG. On the other hand, the characteristics relating to free fatty acids, i.e. the acid value and emission of chemiluminescence at 100 °C, were greater and the smoke and flash points were lower in the DAG than in the TAG. An irritating odor was generated from the DAG after 1 h of frying and got stronger as frying continued. These results suggested that DAG more easily forms free fatty acids under frying conditions than TAG.