储层横向相变对剩余油分布的影响

处在构造边部、低部位的商５－５井，在改注水井排液中发现不含水的高产这种非常规现象，由此引起对地质因素的分析。浅湖相沉积的主体是滩砂微相，它可细分为“滩脊”和“滩侧”，其中“滩脊”砂体的泥质含量低，孔隙度、渗透率都较高，而“滩侧”则泥质含量高，物性差。在从“滩脊”砂体向“滩侧”过渡时，极易形成类似于砂体尖灭的岩性封堵，造成剩余油富集，而“滩脊”不一定就在构造的高部位。陆相沉积的砂体非均质性很强，孔隙度和渗透率在横向上的变化很大，高部位的油层水淹，低部位的油层不一定就高含水，这是因为砂体横向上的非均质性，使同一时间单元沉积的砂体很可能不连通。基于这些分析，地质工作者不妨运用沉积微相的原理在构造的低部位或边部寻找剩余油富集区，商５－５井的现实给了我们很好的启示。     

火烧山原油破乳剂的筛选与应用

介绍了火烧山原油的物性与破乳剂结构和配比的关系、TA1031破乳剂的室内脱水评价及性能特点、TA1031的现场应用效果、破乳剂现场用药量与室内最佳用药量的关系、原油现场脱水过程中破乳剂用药量与污水含油的关系。     

特低渗油藏水平井布井方式研究

本文以西峰油田董志区长8油藏为例，运用数值模拟技术，研究了水平井组合方式及其井网形式。研究结果表明，水平井是提高特低渗油藏开发效果的有效途径。结合长庆特低渗储层吸水性能好的特点，认为采用直井注水，水平段走向垂直于储层最大主应力方位的水平井采油的井网组合开发效果最佳。     

偏高岭土及其对油井水泥性能的影响

综述了偏高岭土特性及其在水泥混凝土领域中的应用情况,初步研究了偏高岭土对油井水泥性能的影响。结果表明,偏高岭土能显著提高油井水泥的抗压强度,表现出很强的火山灰活性,完全可以作为新一代的油井水泥掺合料。     

原油沥青质沉积引起储集层损害的室内评价

防止沥青质沉积造成的储集层损害是渤海稠油油藏开发生产中遇到的技术难题之一。结合渤海SZ36-1油田实际情况，使用岩心流动实验装置，建立沥青质沉积导致储集层岩心渗透率下降的室内评价方法，并应用SARA法对稠油发生沥青质沉积的可能性进行预测。评价实验结果表明，损害程度与沥青质沉积量和储集层岩心的原始渗透率有关。沉积量越大，原始渗透率越低，则损害越严重。表5参12     

Process heat integration of a heavy crude hydrotreatment plant

The present paper focuses on the study of process alternatives for heat integration of a heavy crude oil hydrotreatment plant. Experimental information obtained from a pilot scale, kinetics and reactor modeling tools, and a commercial process simulator were employed to develop mass and energy balances. Four study cases, which employ a combination of quenching and heat exchangers, were identified and evaluated. The results indicated that the case with two quenches with hydrogen and three heat exchangers is the best process heat integration (PHI) option from an energetic point of view.     

Pressurized fluidized-bed hydro retort ing of raw and beneficiated Eastern oil shales

Bench-scale tests were conducted with raw and beneficiated shales in an advanced multi-purpose research reactor. Raw Alabama shale and raw and beneficiated Indiana shales were retorted at 515 °C using hydrogen pressures of 4 and 7 MPa. Shale feed rates were 15 to 34 kg h⁻¹. High oil yields and carbon conversions were achieved in all tests. Oil yield from Alabama shale hydroretorted at 7 MPa was 200% of Fischer assay. Raw and beneficiated Indiana shales hydroretorted at 7 MPa produced oil yields of 170 and 195% of Fischer assay respectively. Total carbon conversions were >70% for all tests conducted at 7 MPa.     

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求文针对我国天然气凝液如何利用问题,结合新技术进展,进行了初步探讨,认为原料较多的场合,应以催化脱氢或芳构化作为当前的主要加工方向。对原料较少的场合,也提出一些看法。     

Characterization of edible oils,butters and margarines by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance

The combination of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) with statistical multidimensional techniques made it possible to extract relevant information from MIR spectra of lipid-rich food products. Wavenumber assignments for typical functional groups in fatty acids were made for standard fatty acids: Absorption bands around 1745 cm⁻¹, 2853 cm⁻¹, 2954 cm⁻¹, 3005 cm⁻¹, 966 cm⁻¹, 3450 cm⁻¹ and 1640 cm⁻¹ are due to absorption of the carbonyl group, C−H stretch, =CH double bonds of lipids and O−H of lipids, respectively. In lipid-rich food products, some bands are modified. Water strongly absorbs in the region of 3600–3000 cm⁻¹ and at 1650 cm⁻¹ in butters and margarines, allowing one to rapidly differentiate the foods as function of their water content. Principal component analysis was used to emphasize the differences between spectra and to rapidly classify 27 commercial samples of oils, butters and margarines. As the MIR spectra contain information about carbonyl groups and double bonds, the foods were classified with ATR-MIR, in agreement with their degree of esterification and their degree of unsaturation as determined from gas-liquid chromatography analysis. However, it was difficult to differentiate the studied food products in terms of their average chainlength.     

适用于稠油开采的游梁式抽油机设计分析

在稠油开采中,抽油杆在液体中运动时,所受到的摩擦阻尼力很大,有时高达几十千牛。上冲程时,该力有加大悬点载荷的作用;下冲程时,该力使抽油杆下行困难,甚至悬点载荷为零。为了开采稠油,必须根据其特点设计适应的游梁式抽油机。文章分析了稠油用抽油机的受力特点,提出了该类抽油机的设计要求。