Paper and electronic diaries: Too early for conclusions on compliance rates and their effects--Comment on Green, Rafaeli, Bolger, Shrout, and Reis (2006).

This commentary discusses 4 issues relevant to interpretation of A. S. Green, E. Rafaeli, N. Bolger, P. E. Shrout, and H. T. Reis's (2006) article (see record 2006-03820-006): (a) Self-reported compliance in medical settings has generally been substantially higher than verified compliance, suggesting that this is not a rare phenomenon; (b) none of the studies reported in Green et al. explicitly verified paper diary compliance; (c) the impact of participant motivation on diary compliance is unknown, and it may be difficult for researchers to accurately assess it in their own studies; and (d) without objective verification of diary compliance, analysis of the effects of noncompliance on data quality is difficult to interpret. The authors conclude that compliance in paper diaries and the effects of noncompliance on data quality are still unsettled issues. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The antecedents and correlates of agreeableness in adulthood.

Data from a 25-year prospective study of 194 individuals indicated that teacher and peer reports of aggression, compliance, and self-control at age 8 distinguished high-agreeable from low-agreeable adults at age 33. Profile analyses revealed two behavioral types in childhood and two personality types in adulthood, with considerable continuity in the composition of these high- and low-agreeable types over time. High-agreeable childhood types had fewer disobedience and concentration problems than low-agreeable childhood types, and among boys, high-agreeable childhood types had better school grades and fewer behavior problems than their low-agreeable counterparts. High-agreeable adulthood types reported less alcoholism and depression, fewer arrests, and more career stability than did low-agreeable adulthood types. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Process and treatment adherence factors in group cognitive-behavioral therapy for partner violent men.

This study used multilevel modeling to examine process and treatment adherence factors as predictors of collateral partner reports of abuse following participation in a cognitive-behavioral group treatment program for partner violent men (N = 107). Therapist working alliance ratings predicted lower levels of physical and psychological abuse at the 6-month follow-up and were the strongest predictors of outcome. Homework compliance partially mediated associations between early alliance ratings and psychological abuse at follow-up. Greater group cohesion during treatment, assessed by client report, also predicted lower physical and psychological abuse at follow-up. The findings support the promotion of a collaborative therapeutic environment to induce change among partner violent men. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of substrate compliance on buckling delamination of thin films

A thin film subject to in-plane compressive stress is susceptible to buckling-driven delamination. This paper analyzes a straight-sided delamination buckle with a focus on the effects of substrate compliance, following earlier work by B. Cotterell and Z. Chen. The critical buckling condition, the energy release rate and the mode mix of the interface delamination crack are calculated as a function of the elastic mismatch between the film and substrate. The average energy release rate at the curved end of a tunneling straight-sided blister is also determined. The more compliant the substrate, the easier for the film to buckle and the higher the energy release rates. The effect becomes significant when the modulus of the substrate is appreciably less than that of the film. When the substrate modulus is comparable to that of the film, or higher, the usual assumption is justified to the effect that the film is clamped along its edges. When the substrate is very compliant the energy release rate at the curved front exceeds that along the straight sides.     

Operational Experiences with Package Filter Sewage-Treatment Plants

This paper describes the operation of four prefabricated'package'biological filter plants which have been installed in Somerset by Wessex Water since 1984. Whilst these, in common with most other package sewage-treatment plants, have advantages of low capital cost and minimum site requirement, some operational difficulties have arisen since commissioning, and effluent quality has been variable.
This paper outlines the problems, and makes some suggestions for improvements.     

Self-Efficacy and Compliance With Benzodiazepine Taper in Older Adults With Chronic Insomnia.

Better understanding of compliance with BZD taper is warranted. Compliance with a taper program and perceived self-efficacy (SE) in being able to comply with hypnotic reduction goals was monitored weekly in 52 older adults (mean age: 63.0 years) with chronic insomnia (average duration: 21.9 years) who underwent a 10-week physician-supervised medication tapering. One group received cognitive- behavior therapy for insomnia during discontinuation, whereas the other did not. Compliant patients showed higher SE ratings at Weeks 6, 8, 9, and 10. Medication-free patients at the end of the treatment also reported higher mean SE ratings at those 4 weeks. Differences remained significant when withdrawal symptoms and sleep efficiency were controlled for. These results have important clinical implications because SE may indicate key time points when patients are experiencing more difficulty during discontinuation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

圆弧型柔性球铰柔度设计计算

 通过研究圆弧型柔性球铰的柔度性能,使该柔性球铰可代替传统的双轴柔性铰链应用于空间多自由度柔顺机构.根据《材料力学》中的卡氏第二定理,圆弧型柔性球铰柔度的解析公式被推导出,然后利用ANSYS12.0软件对其进行有限元分析, 结果表明有限元分析与解析式的计算结果基本一致.通过改变圆弧型柔性球铰的各结构参数来分析其性能,得出各结构参数对其柔度的影响大小依次为：最小截面直径 t、圆弧的圆心角θ^_m、圆弧半径R、杨氏模量E. 此设计计算和特性分析为柔性球铰在柔顺机构的应用提供了依据.     

Finite element analysis of crack mouth opening displacement compliance in crack length evaluation for clamped single edge tension specimens

In the unloading compliance method developed for clamped single edge tension (SE(T)) specimens, six crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD)‐based compliance equations (i.e. a/W = f(BCE′)) were proposed for the crack length evaluation without clearly clarifying the corresponding predictive accuracies. In addition, the effective elastic modulus (E_e) that reflects the actual state of stress should also be introduced in the crack length evaluation for SE(T) specimens, because the actual state of stress in the remaining ligament of the test specimen is neither plane stress (E) nor plane strain (E′). In this study, two‐dimensional (2D) plane strain and three‐dimensional (3D) finite element analyses (FEAs) are carried out to investigate predictive accuracies of the six compliance equations. In both 2D and 3D FEA, specimens with a wide range of crack lengths and geometric configurations are included. For a given specimen, the value of E_e that presents the equivalent stress state in the remaining ligament is calculated on the basis of 3D FEA data. A set of formulae for the clamped SE(T) specimen is proposed that allows to evaluate E_e from the corresponding CMOD compliance. This approach is verified using numerical data. The observations of the numerical verification suggest that the use of E_e instead of E or E′ in CMOD‐based compliance equations markedly improves the accuracy of the predicted crack length for clamped SE(T) specimens.     

柔度标定误差对仪器化压入测试结果的影响

针对两种仪器化压入仪和两种代表性压入测试方法:Oliver-Pharr方法和Ma方法,通过有限元数值模拟分析了仪器柔度标定误差对2种仪器和两种方法测试精度的影响.结果表明仪器柔度的标定精度直接影响压人测试结果的准确度,仪器柔度越小,测试精度越高;就测试方法而言,Ma方法具有比Oliver-Pharr方法更高的精度和更低的仪器柔度敏感性;对同一材料,压入深度越大,由仪器柔度标定误差引入的压入测试结果误差越大;当材料较硬且压入深度较大时仪器柔度的标定尤为重要,小量的标定误差导致测试结果严重偏离真值,甚至为负值.     

基于加权应变能的某ATV车身拓扑优化设计

以极限弯曲和扭转工况的加权应变能最小为目标函数,以设计区域的体积分数为约束,以设计区域的材料密度为设计变量,建立基于加权应变能的拓扑优化模型。并对某ATV车身进行拓扑优化设计,得到了结构的载荷传递路径,验证了该方法的可行性。