饱水石灰岩骨架和流体弹性参数的估算

本文利用Niu等提出的基于临界孔隙度模型的组分弹性参数数值计算方法,把测试岩石样品的孔隙度、整体密度、纵波速度和横波速度作为数值计算的输入数据,运用双线性数值计算方法反演求出临界点、流体和骨架的12个弹性参数。具体做法是:基于临界孔隙度模型,给出三组线性关系,即密度—孔隙度,整体剪切模量—孔隙度,整体纵波模量—孔隙度,上述每组线性关系分别以孔隙度作为自变量和因变量得到两个线性方程,再把两个方程计算的结果进行加权平均得到相关的弹性参数估算值,并结合饱水石灰岩样品数据实现了弹性参数估算。数值计算结果表明,由数值计算得到的弹性参数与测试弹性参数的均值和方差相差甚微,特别是密度数据的偏差均值更小,说明文中的数值计算结果是可靠的。     

三相线间负载的无功和不平衡补偿实用算法

主要为解决三相系统的线间负载不平衡无功补偿问题,运用对称分量法,推导出基于可测线电流的正序无功和负序不平衡电流的三角形接法无功补偿公式。根据平衡化原理可知该补偿公式在不平衡度较大时需要投感性无功,这给工程应用带来困难。笔者从工程实际应用出发将无功和不平衡电流补偿公式作一定程度的修改,适当放宽不平衡电流的补偿条件,建立了只投电容器的实用投切控制算法。MATLAB仿真和应用都证实了该控制算法的有效性。     

用电信息采集系统发展新趋势

针对用电信息采集系统现状,基于新技术和新标准,从用电信息系统的主站建设、终端软件平台化、新通信技术应用、智能采集与维护技术、智能交互终端技术等方面,多角度地对用电信息采集系统发展新趋势进行了较为深入的探讨和展望。     

A novel approach of reference current generation for power quality improvement in three-phase, three-wire distribution system using DSTATCOM

This paper presents a novel approach based on an improved instantaneous active and reactive current component theory for generating reference currents for distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM). Three-phase reference current waveforms generated by proposed scheme are tracked by the three-phase voltage source converter in a hysteresis band control scheme. The performance of the DSTATCOM using the proposed control strategy has been evaluated under various source and load conditions. The performance of the proposed control strategy has been evaluated in terms of load balancing, reactive power compensation, compensator rating and harmonic mitigation. A three-phase, three-wire distribution system supplying star connected linear as well as non-linear unbalanced load is considered for simulation study. The detailed simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK software are presented to support the feasibility of proposed control strategy.     

LED的寿命,你真正理解了吗?

LED技术起始于半导体行业,却带给照明行业应用上的大发展。作为一个新兴事物,有很多问题都在探索当中。LED一个显著的特点就是超长寿命。但没有确切的试验,这超长寿命是如何得来的?它与传统照明理解的寿命有什么不同吗?本文将从LED寿命这个看似简单的问题作为出发点,来系统的分析和梳理LED元件及系统的寿命问题。通过比较与传统照明的异同点,分析当今最新标准来帮助LED的使用者和系统制造商理解和推导真正的LED的寿命。     

天然气中C+6组成分析不同定量方式对计算烃露点的影响

由天然气组成数据计算烃露点是获取烃露点的一种重要的检测方法,天然气组成分析已有相关方法标准,但对于C_6~+组成分析有不同的定量和数据处理方式。概述了计算烃露点的主要影响因素,重点分析了C_6~+延伸组成分析不同定量方式对计算烃露点结果的影响。采用气相色谱法分析了两个实际天然气样品,根据不同的定量方法和数据处理方式获得的C_6~+延伸组成数据预测了天然气的烃露点。结果表明,对于C_6~+延伸组成的分析,C_6～C_(16)按碳数归类,其中苯、甲苯、环己烷和甲基环己烷等组分单独定量时,由此获得完整天然气组成数据计算的烃露点和直接测定烃露点平均偏差在3℃以内,初步验证了计算法和直接测定法获得的烃露点结果的一致性。     

不同品种鹅肉理化特性及其风味物质的比较分析

选取广东主产区五个品种鹅（狮头鹅、马岗鹅、乌鬃鹅、白鹅和阳江鹅）,分别对其蛋白质、脂肪、水分、蒸煮损失率、质构等理化特性进行测定,并采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱（SPME-GC-MS）法对挥发性风味物质进行测定分析。结果表明,5种鹅肉的各理化特性指标间均存在显著差异（P<0.05）,74%的数据绝对值大于0.30,适宜采用主成分分析进行综合评价,通过理化特性的主成分分析提取了2个主成分表征原变量的88.48%的信息,综合排名由高到低为马岗鹅、狮头鹅、阳江鹅、白鹅、乌鬃鹅。5种蒸煮鹅肉共检出61种挥发性物质,其中醛类13种,醇类11种,烷烯烃类27种,酮类5种,芳香烃2种,酯类1种,其他类化合物2种,共有的挥发性风味物质11种。狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅的风味物质最为丰富,含量百分比分别为80.6%和73.77%;尤其己醛、壬醛、庚醛这三种风味物质分别达到46.67%和45.52%,醛类对广东品种鹅肉风味具有较大贡献。通过对不同品种鹅肉综合得分评价分析,为不同品种鹅肉深加工提供理论依据。     

Variability in the major lipid components of four market classes of dry edible beans

The lipid composition of dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) was characterised and the variability between four US market classes (navy, dark red kidney, pinto and Black Turtle Soup) was determined. The total lipid content of the beans ranged from 1–8 to 2–6 g per 100 g dry weight. Triacylglycerol esterified sterified glucoside and phosphatidylcholine were identified as the major lipid class components of the neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid fractions, respectively. The fatty acids were highly unsaturated: linolenic acid was the major fatty acid. Three sterols, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, were identified. The lipid and fatty acid contents of the bean classes were significantly ( P <0–05) different. Principal component analysis of the total lipid components resulted in the extraction of four factors, which accounted for 93.3% of the variability of the data set. These factors were characterised as the (I) fatty acid. (II) sterol. (III) lipid class, and (IV) oleic acid factors.     

Prediction of sensory quality by near infrared reflectance analysis of frozen and freeze dried green peas (Pisum sativum)

Frozen, green peas (Pisum sativum L ) of different varieties and different levels of maturity were evaluated by sensory analysis using a panel of ten trained judges. Two texture variables (hardness and mealiness) and four flavour variables (pea flavour, sweetness, fruity flavour, off flavour) were considered. Near infiared reflectance ( N I R ) analysis was performed with the same material, on both the fiozen and fieeze dried peas. The N I R instrument was calibrated to predict the sensory variables using the multivariate analytical method of principal component regression. Tenderometer readings of the same peas were also calibrated to predict the sensory variables. N I R analysis on the fieeze dried peas showed relative ability of prediction (RAP) values for the sensory variables which were higher than those for the tenderometer readings. The sensory attributes pea flavour and hardness were predicted with higher RAP values by tenderometer readings than by N I R analysis on fiozen peas. For the rest of the attributes, N I R analysis on fiozen peas gave higher RAP values than tenderometer readings. N I R generally gave high RAP values, and this tentative study suggests that N I R analysis could be a useful tool in instrumentally assessing the quality of frozen peas.     

偏光片细微外观缺陷偏振成像检测方法

针对偏光片细微外观缺陷难以成像、难以检测的问题,该文提出一种基于偏振成像的外观缺陷检测新方法。通过缺陷偏振态指标测量结果,定性描述了对比度增强机理。利用缺陷与正常区域之间透射光偏振态的显著差异,大幅提高缺陷的成像对比度,从而简化后续图像处理算法,提高检测速度和准确率。实验结果表明,偏光片外观缺陷平均检出率达到97.3%,平均单个样品检测时间约为0.22 s,基本满足产业化应用要求。