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101.
102.
飞行时间二次离子质谱--强有力的表面、界面和薄膜分析手段 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
二次离子质谱(Secondary ion mass spectrometry,简称SIMS)是一种对表面灵敏的质谱技术,建立在表面各种类型带正、负电荷原子或分子发射的基础上。用飞行时间(Time of flight,简称TOF)仪器对这些二次离子进行质量分析,能确保并行质量登录、高质量范围、高流通率下的高分辨和精确质量测定这些优异性能。配合细聚焦扫描一次离子束,可在优于1nm的高深度分辨和优于50nm的横向分辨本领下,实现对表面优于单层ppm(百万分之一)量级的极高检测灵敏度。当今TOF-SIMS已发展为一种成熟且完善的表面分析技术。极高的灵敏度,再加上即使对大分子及不易挥发性分子都独具的敏感性,使它成为很多高技术领域不可缺少的分析手段,这些领域包括微电子学、化学和材料科学以至纳米技术和生命科学等。本文简述了TOF-SIMS的原理、仪器及其多方面的应用和展望。 相似文献
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104.
High speedsteel (HSS) ,ischaracterizedbyex cellenthardness ,wearresistance ,and goodredhardness .Recently ,HSSisappliedtomanufacturehotrollingrollstoproducestripsofgoodshapeandsmallcrownwithextendedrollservicelife[1,2 ] .TheHSSisappliedtomanufacturerollcollarfor… 相似文献
105.
一种有机硫类絮凝剂DTC的合成及性能评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
讨论了由有机伯胺或仲胺和CS2合成二硫代氨基甲酸盐DTC的反应及副反应,简介了合成工艺。根据红外光谱确认了由三乙烯四胺合成的二硫代氨基甲酸盐(以下简称DTC)的结构。以含原油350 mg/L、含悬浮固体55.1 mg/L,含Fe^2+10.0 mg/L的模拟污水为实验水样,考察了该DTC的絮凝性能,在40℃、pH=6-7、沉降时间30分钟条件下DTC的适宜加量为20 mg/L,此时污水含油量为9.0 mg/L;使用DTC的适宜pH范围在4-8,pH=6为最佳值,适宜温度范围为10-45℃,温度高于45℃时DTC可发生热分解;DTC的除油效果随污水中Fe^2+浓度增大而改善。在含油89.1 mg/L、含悬浮固体55.1 mg/L、含Fe^2+13.2 mg/L的油田污水中,DTC的除油率最高,远高于常用絮凝剂PFS,PAC,CPAM,HPAM和PAM。当污水中不含Fe^2+时,DTC无絮凝除油效果。讨论了DTC在Fe^2+参与下的絮凝过程。图5表1参8。 相似文献
106.
In the design process of the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor using TiO2-coated foam nickels, the optimum of catalyst film thickness, light intensity and flow velocity were considered. A model was developed to study the effect of catalyst film thickness on photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde by a TiO2-coated foam nickel at continuous flow mode. In this model, external mass transfer and internal molecule diffusion-reaction were considered. A first-order kinetics equation was used to account for the photocatalytic reaction. Two exponential equations were employed to describe the distribution of light intensities in foam nickels and catalyst films, respectively. Validated with experimental data, the model can be used to predict the optimal thickness of catalyst films. A method for determining appropriate light intensities was proposed and discussed. The appropriate light intensity can be obtained by giving a margin, regarded as an excess coefficient, to the light intensity calculated based on the assumption of complete use of excited electron–hole pairs. The excess coefficient needs to be determined experimentally. In addition, the optimal flow velocity of PCO reactors could be consistent with the required one by changing the windward area of foam nickels. Based on the theoretical analyses, a novel PCO reactor containing 15 parallel-connected cells was designed. Each reaction cell was composed of an UV lamp and a TiO2-coated tubular foam nickel. The performance of the reactor was tested by degrading gaseous formaldehyde at an indoor concentration level. The results showed that the reactor had low pressure loss and good degradation capability. 相似文献
108.
Influence of pH on the passivation behavior of 254SMO stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C.T. Liu 《Corrosion Science》2007,49(5):2198-2209
The potentiodynamic polarization measurement of 254SMO stainless steel (UNS 31254) was conducted in 3.5% NaCl solutions with pH ranging from 0.1 to 5. The results indicated that this stainless steel offered excellent pitting corrosion resistance in corrosive environments. Further, it also exhibited various features on the polarization curves in different pH solutions. The electrochemical constant-potential passivation treatment performed at different pH followed by XPS analysis revealed that the primary constituents of the outermost layer of the passive films formed in the weak (pH 5) and strong (pH 0.8) acid solutions are iron oxides and Cr2O3 and Cr(OH)3, respectively. Molybdenum oxides, primarily in the six-valence state, existed in the outermost layer of the passive film. Only very weak signals corresponding to that of nickel oxides were detected in the film formed in the weak acid (pH 5) solution. The ICP-MS analyses indicated selective dissolution of a significant amount of Fe and a few Mo and Ni ions during the passivation treatment in the strong acid (pH 0.8) solution. No Cr dissolution was observed; this indicated that the Cr in the film is relatively stable. XPS depth profiling results showed that a similar bilayer-structured film was formed in both the solutions (pH 0.8 and 5); the outer layer of this film is primarily composed of Cr(OH)3 and Mo(VI), and the inner layer, Cr2O3 and Mo(IV). The results of the examinations of passive film formations and dissolution by XPS and ICP-MS were consistent with the polarization curves. 相似文献
109.
Songping Wu 《Materials Letters》2007,61(16):3526-3530
In this paper, non-agglomerated monodispersed ultra-fine copper metallic powders have been synthesized with chemical reduction method. Fine lead-free glass powders were also prepared by solid synthesis process. Thick film paste prepared by above-mentioned copper metallic powders and lead-free glass powders was applied as conductive paste of MLCC. Mixture of glass and zinc oxide give the thick film a high adhesion strength which is attributed to the rough interface from interfacial reaction between glass and chip, and a good densification. Diffusion of metal between copper thick film and nickel thick film is clear. Ni-Cu solid solution appears under high temperature firing. 相似文献
110.
Herbert S. Bennett 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2007,112(4):209-221
In this paper, we present the theory for calculating Raman line shapes as functions of the Fermi energy and finite temperatures in zinc blende, n-type GaAs for donor densities between 1016 cm−3 and 1019 cm−3. Compared to other theories, this theory is unique in two respects: 1) the many-body effects are treated self-consistently and 2) the theory is valid at room temperature for arbitrary values of the ratio R = (Q2/α), where Q is the magnitude of the normalized wave vector and α is the normalized frequency used in the Raman measurements. These calculations solve the charge neutrality equation self-consistently for a two-band model of GaAs at 300 K that includes the effects of high carrier concentrations and dopant densities on the perturbed densities of states used to calculate the Fermi energy as a function of temperature. The results are then applied to obtain the carrier concentrations from Fermi energies in the context of line shapes in Raman spectra due to the coupling between longitudinal optical phonons and plasmons. Raman measurements have been proposed as a non-destructive method for wafer acceptance tests of carrier density in semiconductor epilayers. The interpretation of Raman spectra to determine the majority electron density in n-type semiconductors requires an interdisciplinary effort involving experiments, theory, and computer-based simulations and visualizations of the theoretical calculations. 相似文献