核电站电动给水泵转速控制系统建模与仿真

通过分析给水泵调速系统的工作原理,建立了给水泵系统核心装置液力偶合器的过程动态数学模型,并给出了其控制系统的设计方案.在分析传统PID控制器基本原理的基础上,提出了一种改进的PID控制器—自适应变参数PID控制器,并基于建立的数学模型进行了控制系统的仿真和实际应用.仿真结果表明该改进的控制器能同时综合多套传统PID控制参数的优点,控制性能良好.实际应用表明本文建立的数学模型与改进的变参数PID控制器在工业现场具有使用效果良好.     

基于系统动力学的微博舆情发展模型

近年来,新浪微博逐渐成为大量网络舆论的聚集地,许多网络事件均在新浪微博上产生或是扩散,在这些事件中,只要处置不当便会造成严重的后果。如何科学地疏导微博舆情已经成为摆在各级政府面前的一道难题。本文利用系统动力学原理,针对新浪微博上的网络舆情发展进行建模,通过系统动力学模型分析相关因素之间复杂的反馈关系,并进行仿真测试,为微博舆情引导提供有力的帮助。     

Kinematic Data Consistency in the Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Biomechanical Systems

Inverse dynamic analysis is used in the study ofhuman gait to evaluate the reaction forces transmittedbetween adjacent anatomical segments and to calculate thenet moments-of-force that result from the muscle activityabout each biomechanical joint. The quality of theresults, in terms of reaction and muscle forces, is greatlyaffected not only by the choice of biomechanical model butalso by the kinematic data provided as input. This three-dimensional data is obtained through the reconstruction ofthe measured human motion. A biomechanical model isdeveloped representing human body components with acollection of rigid bodies interconnected by kinematicjoints. The data processing, leading to the spatialreconstruction of the anatomical point coordinates, usesfiltering techniques to eliminate the high frequencycomponents arising from the digitization process. Thetrajectory curves, describing the positions of theanatomical points are obtained using a form of polynomialinterpolation, generally cubic splines. The velocities andaccelerations are then the polynomial derivatives. Thisprocedure alone does not ensure that the kinematic data isconsistent with the biomechanical model adopted, becausethe underlying kinematic constraint equations are notnecessarily satisfied. In the present work, thereconstructed spatial positions of the anatomical pointsare corrected by ensuring that the kinematic constraints ofthe biomechanical model are not violated. The velocity andacceleration equations of the biomechanical model are thencalculated as the first and second time derivatives of theconstraint equations. The solution to these equationsprovides the model with kinematically consistent velocitiesand accelerations. The procedures are demonstrated throughthe application to a normal cadence stride period and theresults discussed with respect to the underlying principlesof the techniques used.     

作平面运动的二维平面板的热耦合动力学问题

研究受到热冲击的作平面运动的二维平面板的温度场和动力学响应.考虑温度场和应变场的耦合,通过计算熵密度,建立了平面板的热传导变分方程,此外,在本构关系式中考虑热应变,基于平面应力假设建立了作平面运动的二维平面板的动力学变分方程.用有限元方法分别对温度场和变形场进行离散.最后,计算了作直线平动的平面板的温度场和变形场,揭示了温度和变形的相互耦合特征,体现了板运动对温度和变形的影响.     

时间复杂性和空间复杂性研究

计算复杂性是衡量问题求解的难易程度的。研究问题的计算复杂性,可以明确该问题是否存在有效的求解算法。介绍并分析了计算理论的一些基本概念,论述了时间复杂性（包括P、NP、NP-hard、NP-complete和EXPTIME）和空间复杂性（包括PSPACE、NPSPACE、PSPACE-hard和PSAPCE-complete）中的各个主要分类。最后分析了各个复杂性类之间的关系。     

基于系统动力学的可再生能源开发仿真研究

以如皋市为例,在充分调查农村生活用能供应和消费的基础上,系统分析了农村发展过程中能源、经济和环境的相互关系,建立了农村可再生能源开发与经济生态环境协调发展的系统动力学模型。在反复仿真试验中,模拟了未来30年该市农村可再生能源开发与经济、生态环境协调发展的趋势,并对仿真结果进行了分析和研究。仿真结果表明,从能源结构优化和保护生态环境的角度看,可再生能源不仅可为农民提供清洁、高品质的能源,减少电力和液化气的使用,且有利于减少温室气体等有害气体的排放,保护生态环境。从促进农村经济发展的角度看,可再生能源开发不但可使粮食生产增收,而且还可带动畜牧业的发展。     

A semantic framework for automatic generation of computational workflows using distributed data and component catalogues

Computational workflows are a powerful paradigm to represent and manage complex applications, particularly in large-scale distributed scientific data analysis. Workflows represent application components that result in individual computations as well as their interdependences in terms of dataflow. Workflow systems use these representations to manage various aspects of workflow creation and execution for users, such as the automatic assignment of execution resources. This article describes an approach to automating a new aspect of the process: the selection of application components and data sources. We present a novel approach that enables users to specify varying degrees of detail and amount of constraints in a workflow request, including the specification of constraints on input, intermediate or output data in the workflow, abstract workflow component classes rather than specific component implementations, and generic reusable workflow templates that express a pre-defined combination of components. The algorithm elaborates the user request into a set of fully ground workflows with specific choices of data sources and codes to be used so that they can be submitted for mapping and execution. The algorithm searches through the space of possible candidate workflows by creating increasingly more specialized versions of the original template and eliminating candidates that violate constraints cumulated in the candidate workflow as components and data sources are selected. A novel feature of our approach is that it assumes a distributed architecture where data and component catalogues are separate from the workflow system. The algorithm explicitly poses queries to external catalogues, and therefore any reasoning regarding data or component properties is not assumed to occur within the workflow system. We describe our implementation of this approach in the Wings workflow system. This implementation uses the W3C Web Ontology Language and associated reasoners to implement the workflow system as well as the data and component catalogues. This research demonstrates the use of artificial intelligence techniques to support the kinds of automation envisioned by the scientific community for large-scale distributed scientific data analysis.     

基于注意计算模型的医学图像模糊连接度分割

用模糊连接度分割图像时,种子点多以聚类分析方法自动给定,本文分析了传统聚类法存在的问题,在人类视觉活动机制的启发下,提出新的完全不同于聚类方法的视觉显著点注意引导下的图像分割方法.将图像特征显著点的定位转化为概率密度估计问题,引入新的注意计算模型并结合Mean-Shift处理得到关键特征点.注意模型的特征地图采用图像灰度的对比度构成,迭代计算高斯邻域显著度.从密度估计的角度定位显著点,克服以往偏生理注意模型对定量描述的能力不足,尤其适用医学模糊图像.新的方法能完全自动地定位种子点,有效地分割模糊医学图像,提高准确率.     

H-POSS表面润湿性的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了水滴在多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(H-POSS)固体表面的润湿性能,H-POSS分子和水分子分别采用COMPASS力场和SPC力场模型。模拟得到H-POSS基体密度为1.84g/cm~3,且X射线衍射模拟发现基体具有明显衍射峰,表现出晶体特性,说明COMPASS力场适用于H-POSS基体的构建与研究。H-POSS表面水接触角的模拟值为104.9°,具有疏水性能。通过直接水解法由三氯硅烷(HSiCl_3)实验合成出H-POSS样品,傅立叶红外表征(FT-IR)发现,在2260、1142和871cm~(-1)波数位置出现吸收峰,证实了所合成的样品为H-POSS。其表面水接触角的实验值为109.3°,与模拟值的相对误差仅为4%,说明分子动力学方法可应用于计算H-POSS材料表面润湿性。模拟结果还表明体系温度影响H-POSS材料的表面润湿性,增大体系温度,表面疏水性能降低。     

一种基于温差测量原理工作的集成型流量传感器􀀂

在比较已有的几种低流速流体的流速流量测量方法基础上,提出一种利用与流速相关温差的测量方案,并用芯片集成方法构成流量传感器加以验证,实验结果与理论预期基本相符.该传感器的主要优点是在低流量条件下具有高灵敏度.