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31.
A. J. Slifka B. J. Filla 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2003,108(2):147-150
An industrial ceramic thermal-barrier coating designated PWA 266, processed by electron-beam physical-vapor deposition, was measured using a steady-state thermal conductivity technique. The thermal conductivity of the mass fraction 7 % yttria-stabilized zirconia coating was measured from 100 °C to 900 °C. Measurements on three thicknesses of coatings, 170 μm, 350 μm, and 510 μm resulted in thermal conductivity in the range from 1.5 W/(m·K) to 1.7 W/(m·K) with a combined relative standard uncertainty of 20 %. The thermal conductivity is not significantly dependent on temperature. 相似文献
32.
The compositions (1 −x)Ag2SO4−(x)BaSO4, wherex=0·01 to 0·6, were prepared by slow cooling of the melt. The extent of the solid solubility of Ba2+ in Ag2SO4 was determined by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The bulk conductivity of each sample was obtained
using a detailed impedance analysis. The partial substitution of Ba2+ results in the enhancement of conductivity in compliance with the classical aliovalent doping theory. A simplistic model
based on lattice distortion (expansion) due to partial substitution of Ag+ by the bigger Ba2+ has been considered to explain enhanced conductivity. Beyond solid-solubility limit (5·27 mole%) the BaSO4-dispersed Ag2SO4 conductivity follows the usual trend seen in binary systems. An increase in conductivity in this case is discussed in the
light of interfacial reactions and surface defect chemistry. The maximum conductivity in 20 mole% BaSO4 dispersed Ag2SO4 is due to percolation threshold. 相似文献
33.
Transport properties of 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. Krauss V. C. Weiss T. A. Edison J. V. Sengers K. Stephan 《International Journal of Thermophysics》1996,17(4):731-757
Based on reliable. carefully selected data sets. equations for the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of the refrigerant R 112a are presented. They are valid at temperatures from 240 to 440 K, pressures up to 20 MPa. and densities up to 1050 kg · m–3. including the critical region. 相似文献
34.
F. Cœuret E. Oliveira Vilar E. Bezerra Cavalcanti 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2002,32(10):1175-1182
The paper deals with carbon fibre cloth electrodes, employed in the fabrication of composite materials. The electrical conductivity of single bundles, groups of bundles and cloth is studied. Ohm's law applies to the electrical conduction in the direction of the fibre length, but bundle conductivity decreases with the number of fibres in the bundle. Electrochemical mass transfer between a flowing electrolyte and a cloth arranged as a flow-through or a flow-by porous electrode indicates the existence of double porosity in the material. Due to double porosity, only the external surface of the cloth works as an electrode. This finding shows that the material is not suitable for such an application. 相似文献
35.
Evolution of the capillary network in a reactive powder concrete during hydration process 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
V. Morin F. Cohen-Tenoudji A. Feylessoufi P. Richard 《Cement and Concrete Research》2002,32(12):1907-1914
Ultrasonic waves in echographic mode, combined with autogenous shrinkage measurements, were used to study the evolution of the capillary network of reactive powder concrete (RPC) from the time after the mixing. Two characteristic porous classes have been identified: the first, between 10 and 20 nm, begins when the material reaches its solid hyperstatic state, and the second about 1 or 2 nm. The first class is associated with the porous space between the C-S-H hydrate clusters and the second with the internal porosity of the hydrate. The evolution of the active capillary radius as a function of the degree of hydration allows us to understand the strong interaction between the capillary network size and the chemical activity given by the dissipated calorimetric power curve. Indeed, the maximum point of the chemical activity marks the transition of the first class of pores to the second one. Finally, measurements of electrical conductivity through RPC samples show that after the maximum of the dissipated power, the curve of this electrical conductivity presents the same evolution as the capillary radius. As the electrical conductivity clearly depends on the evolution of the capillary network, the similarity between the results confirms our analysis in pore classes. 相似文献
36.
E. Stenitzer H. Diestel Th. Zenker R. Schwartengräber 《Water Resources Management》2007,21(9):1567-1584
The performance of the water balance and crop growth model SIMWASER to estimate the water supply of a lawn by capillary rise
from shallow ground water was investigated by using lysimeter measurements with a sandy and a clayey soil. Moreover the robustness
of the model was evaluated by running it either with measured hydraulic soil parameters or with estimated pedotransfer functions
(PTFs) derived from texture and bulk density. Simulations were performed for the years 1996–1998 with input data from the
lysimeter station Berlin-Dahlem (Germany) for lysimeters containing undisturbed sandy or clayey soil monoliths, with groundwater
at 135 cm depth. Simulated evapotranspiration and percolation/capillary rise were in good agreement with the measured data
for all variants, while simulated soil water storage was acceptable only for the variants using hydraulic soil data based
on laboratory measurements or using PTFs derived from known soil class and bulk density. PTFs based on mean total pore volume
of the respective soil classes yielded soil water storages which were evidently too high; therefore they should be used with
care and must be avoided at all in simulating the soil water balance of arid sites with shallow groundwater. 相似文献
37.
水性聚氨酯电导率与聚沉值的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了软(硬)段含羧基的水性阴离子纳米聚氨酯体系的n(NCO)/n(OH)比值,COOH的质量分类,反离子各类,合成方法与电导率关系及产生的原因;探讨了该体系的n(NCO)/n(OH)值,COOH的质量分数,合成方法与临界聚沉值(Cc.c)的关系和规律。并分析,比较了软(硬)段含羧基的水性阴离子聚氨酯体系电导率与Cc.c二者关系,得出了随COOH的质量分数升高,二者变化相同,随n(NCO)/n(OH)比值升高,二者变化相反的结论。 相似文献
38.
39.
Rubina H. Shreiner 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2002,107(5):393-399
The stability of solutions having an electrolytic conductivity, κ, of 5 μS/cm to 100 000 μS/cm packaged in glass screw-cap bottles, glass serum bottles, and glass ampoules was monitored for 1 year to 2 years. The conductivity was determined by measuring the ac resistance of the solution. Mass loss was also monitored for solutions packaged in bottles. The solutions were prepared using KCl in water (κ ≥100 μS/cm) or KCl in 30 % (by mass) n-propanol 70 % (by mass) water (κ ≤ 15 μS/cm). The conductivity changes were compared by packaging type and by nominal κ. The main causes of the κ changes are evaporation (screw-cap bottles) and leaching (screw-cap bottles, serum bottles, and ampoules). Evaporation is determined from mass loss data; leaching occurs from the glass container with no change in mass. The choice of optimal packaging, which depends on the conductivity level, is the packaging in which κ changes the least with time. Ampoules are the most suitable packaging for standards having nominal κ values of 500 μS/cm to 100 000 μS/cm. Screw-cap bottles are most suitable for standards having a nominal κ of 5 μS/cm to 100 μS/cm. 相似文献
40.
Ran-Rong Lee 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(9):2242-2249
AIN ceramics with densities varying from 3.18 to 3.30 g/cm3 and room-temperature thermal conductivities varying from 88 to 193 W/m K were produced. Different sintering conditions, packing powders, AIN powder sources, carbon additive, and sintering times were evaluated, and the key processing parameters which cause the differences in density and thermal conductivity were identified. SEM, TEM, and EDS were used to characterize the correlation between thermal conductivity, microstructure, and processing parameters. The important parameters which control the thermal conductivity of AIN ceramics are discussed. 相似文献