Mechanical procedure for proof construction via closed terms in typed λ calculus

In this paper is presented an algorithm for constructing natural deduction proofs in the propositional intuitionistic and classical logics according to the analogy relating intuitionistic propositional formulas and natural deduction proofs, respectively, to types and terms of simple type theory. Proofs are constructed as closed terms in the simple typed content/n10006702228123u/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> calculus. The soundness and completeness of this method are proved.     

Beyond interpretation: Reply to Cummins' response

In his response to my content/rg4954209743k7x6/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Why There Are No Mental Representationscontent/rg4954209743k7x6/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">, Robert Cummins accused me of having misinterpreted his views, and attempted to undermine a crucial premise of my argument, which claimed that one could only define a semantic type non-semantically by stipulating which tokens should receive a uniform interpretation. I respond to the charge and defend the premise.     

古迹行动导览系统之适地性服务机制设计

在本文中,以利用适地性服务机制之设计,来建立一个行动导览系统带领用户体验空间和主题维度的古迹导览服务。为了满足此需求,设计了一套后设数据(Metadata)来描述导览内容,并且在适地性服务机制设计上,提供包含适地性内容方法有效取得使用者附近的内容,并藉由适地性内容的暂存与安排方法,减少网络间的讯息传递,提供用户结构化的介绍内容,并在适当的时机触发内容的呈现。最后,以所提供之内容的相关性来比较所提方法与一般适地性服务之差异。邀请用户进行实地系统测试,以了解系统的实用性,取得测试者的建议。结果证实所设计之导览系统可以是导览解说员的多媒体辅助工具,或在没有导览解说员时,为使用者提供景点导览解说的服务。     

Aluminum. II. Derivation of C v0from C p and comparison to C v0 calculated from anharmonic models

The specific heat at constant pressure, C _p, of aluminum measured by Ditmars, Plint, and Shukla has been reduced to the volume V ₀ appropriate for 0 K employing the Murnaghan equation. The C _v0 thus obtained is compared with the theoretical C _v0 calculated in the harmonic and the lowest-order anharmonic approximation from three different pseudopotentials (Harrison, Ashcroft, and Dagens-Rasolt-Taylor) as well as a phenomenological Morse potential. The higher-order (content/v06817p58572n774/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ⁴) anharmonic contributions are calculated from the same nearest-neighbor Morse potential as in the lowest-order anharmonic theory. The role of the vacancy and the higher-order anharmonic contributions to C _v0 has been examined and we conclude that the content/v06817p58572n774/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ⁴ contributions to C _v0 are much smaller than the vacancy contribution. After removal of the vacancy contribution, the reduced C _v0 is found to be in excellent agreement with the Ashcroft and Harrison pseudopotentials as well as the Morse potential including the content/v06817p58572n774/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ² and content/v06817p58572n774/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> ⁴ contributions to C _v0.     

Pharmacological Evidence on Augmented Antiallodynia Following Systemic Co-Treatment with GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 Inhibitors in Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

The limited effect of current medications on neuropathic pain (NP) has initiated large efforts to develop effective treatments. Animal studies showed that glycine transporter (GlyT) inhibitors are promising analgesics in NP, though concerns regarding adverse effects were raised. We aimed to study NFPS and Org-25543, GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 inhibitors, respectively and their combination in rat mononeuropathic pain evoked by partial sciatic nerve ligation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycine content was also determined by capillary electrophoresis. Subcutaneous (s.c.) 4 mg/kg NFPS or Org-25543 showed analgesia following acute administration (30–60 min). Small doses of each compound failed to produce antiallodynia up to 180 min after the acute administration. However, NFPS (1 mg/kg) produced antiallodynia after four days of treatment. Co-treatment with subanalgesic doses of NFPS (1 mg/kg) and Org-25543 (2 mg/kg) produced analgesia at 60 min and thereafter meanwhile increased significantly the CSF glycine content. This combination alleviated NP without affecting motor function. Test compounds failed to activate G-proteins in spinal cord. To the best of our knowledge for the first time we demonstrated augmented analgesia by combining GlyT-1 and 2 inhibitors. Increased CSF glycine content supports involvement of glycinergic system. Combining selective GlyT inhibitors or developing non-selective GlyT inhibitors might have therapeutic value in NP.     

关于超耐候性BA01—02钛白粉的研制

采用高温淬火方法制备了Ｔｃ在２７．４Ｋ至９２．４Ｋ之间的一组不同氧含量的ＰＭＰ（粉末熔融工艺）法ＹＢＣＯ超导体。通过对这些超导体样品的磁滞回线及不可逆线的研究发现，随着氧空位的增加，超导体的磁通钉扎力减小     

STUDY ON THE VARIATION MECHANISM OF CARBON CONTENT OF LIQUID IRON IN MELTING GASIFIER

This paper studied the changing principles of carbon content in direct reduction iron (DRI) and liquid iron in the COREX melting gasifier. Under the normal working conditions of experimental equipment, liquid nitrogen was poured into the melting gasifier from its tuyere to cool down quickly. And then seven cross sections were made to study the carburization reaction and its characteristics of the solid iron and the liquid iron, and also the reaction of carbon between the slag and the metal. According to the results, the influences of the thickness of the semi-coke layer and the temperature on the carbon content of liquid iron in the COREX melting gasifier were confirmed.     

地聚合物混凝土配比及力学性能研究

混凝土是巷道支护过程中的重要建筑材料,然而混凝土在巷道施工中常常出现质量问题,为了不影响正常生产,需要对其进行修补。地聚合物混凝土凝结时间快,早期强度高,界面结合能力强,耐高温性和抗冻性强,耐腐蚀性良好,具有用作修补材料的潜力。以粉煤灰和矿粉为原料,Na₂SiO₃溶液和NaOH为碱激发剂制备地聚合物胶砂,研究不同的碱激发剂模数（1.0、1.2、1.4）和掺量（10%、15%、20%）对不同龄期胶砂力学性能的影响。结果表明：当碱激发剂模数为1.2,碱掺量为15%时,胶砂强度达到最大值。设计正交试验,研究了不同水胶比（0.45、0.50、0.55）、粉煤灰掺量（30%、50%、70%）和砂率（30%、35%、40%）对不同龄期地聚合物混凝土的工作性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明：粉煤灰掺量对抗压强度影响最为显著,水胶比次之,而砂率对强度发展几乎没有影响。最优的配合比为水胶比为0.50,粉煤灰掺量为50%,砂率为35%。     

锰含量对衬板用低碳高合金钢组织和性能的影响

用光学金相显微镜、衍射仪及显微硬度计，研究了锰含量对衬板用低碳高合金钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明，当锰含量由2．0％增加到3，0％时，合金的退火态组织由上贝氏体＋屈氏体转变为马氏体，淬火回火后均为单相板条马氏体组织。随锰含量的增加，硬度稍有增大，冲击韧度下降，均匀耐腐蚀性有所降低。含锰量为2％的低碳高合金钢达到了矿山用衬板的使用要求，从成本考虑，是更经济的。     

Ability of the direct wave of radar ground-coupled antenna for NDT of concrete structures

The research work presented in this paper aims at evaluating the potential of the direct wave of radar ground-coupled antennas for the on site physical characterization of concrete. According to studies highlighting the ability of radar reflected waves to characterize concrete, the potential of the direct wave is studied by systematic comparison of direct and reflected wave attenuations. Among the various features of electromagnetic waves propagating through concrete, attenuation is the most sensitive to moisture and chloride contents. In order to study the sensitivity of the direct wave to the physical condition of the concrete, laboratory experiments were conducted on concrete slabs with various porosities, water contents and chloride contamination levels.The results of this study show very satisfactory correlations between attenuations of direct and reflected waves, indicating that both waves provide similar information regarding the physical state of concrete. This correlation was confirmed on two bridges by comparison of direct wave attenuation maps with reflection attenuation maps. Therefore, radar interpretation method based on the direct wave attenuation should be able to detect, in a very fast way, physical contrasts in concrete structures and, consequently, identify probable pathological areas.