Cooling rate effects on the microstructure and phase formation in Zr51Cu20.7Ni12Al16.3 bulk metallic glass

A detailed transmission electron microscope (TEM) study has been conducted to investigate the microstructures of the Zr₅₁Cu_20.7Ni₁₂Al_16.3 metallic glass formed at different cooling rates. It has been found that the most competitive crystalline phase to the amorphous structure is an oxygen-stabilized FCC NiZr₂-type phase, which in turn acts as the leading phase to trigger the formation of other crystalline phases in the slow-cooled alloy.     

Numerical evaluation of the effects of friction and geometric nonlinearities on the energy release rate in three- and four-point bend end-notched flexure tests

Nonlinear finite element analyses are used to examine the effects of friction and geometric nonlinearities on the energy release rate in three- and four-point bend end-notched flexure tests. Energy release rates are first determined by a recently developed direct energy balance approach. It is shown that the finite diameter loading rollers that are typically used in practical test set-ups cause both tests to be inherently nonlinear. The effect of these nonlinearities on the energy release rate is shown to be larger in the four point than the three point test and to increase with increasing roller diameter, increasing coefficient of friction along the crack plane, and decreasing supporting span length. For the four point test, the effect of these nonlinearities is also shown to increase with increasing ratio of inner to outer span length. Next, energy release rates at the onset of crack advance are determined by a simulated compliance calibration technique. This “perceived toughness” is compared with predictions of the “true toughness” given by the direct energy balance approach at the same load. It is shown that perceived toughnesses from this simulated compliance calibration procedure are larger than previously reported results that were obtained in a similar fashion using linear theory. In addition, the perceived toughness is shown to strongly depend upon the range used for fitting the load versus deflection data to obtain compliance. These findings are used to make some general recommendations regarding use of the two test methods and their associated data reduction techniques.     

基于电流实部与虚部双向追踪的输电设备利用份额模型及应用

:针对输电设备利用份额的传统定义不能计及有功和无功潮流的耦合作用,基于电流的实部与虚部分量提出输电设备利用份额的新模型及定义。该模型将节点和支路功率转换为电流,通过对电流的实部和虚部分别进行双向追踪,可得到全网用户对输电网的利用份额。该模型不受分配模式的限制,通过恰当处理对地支路,可直接用于联营体模式下输电损耗和成本的完全分摊,文中给出了相关证明。采用“节点分裂”的等效方法和面向元件的分配模式,该方法可实现联营-双边交易共存模式下输电损耗的分摊。以5节点系统为例,对新定义和几种不同定义进行了比较,并对双边交易的增量和边际损耗及本文结果进行了分析。给出的IEEE-30节点算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

一种用于推挽式电压型逆变器的低损耗无源吸收电路

提出并实现了一种推挽式PWM电压型逆变器用无源吸收电路;设有独立的放电回路让缓冲电容器上的能量部分地回馈到直流电源中,高频放电能量不会叠加在输出电压上;缓冲电容器的电压被钳位,使得推挽电路特有的倍压不会在吸收电路上造成额外的损耗。给出吸收电路参数的设计准则和计算实例,在200VDC和30kW级的中压中功率逆变装置中发挥了推挽拓扑的优点。理论分析和实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

西方发达国家环境税制的立法及对我国的启示

环境税已成为西方发达国家环境保护的一种重要的经济手段,通过介绍有代表性的丹麦、荷兰和美国等西方发达国家环境税制的立法状况,从立法指导思想、立法原则和立法内容上得出了构建我国环境税制的几点启示.     

Strain rate sensitivity of tensile properties in high Nb containing TiAl alloys

The effect of strain rate on the yield strength of high Nb containing TiAl alloy was studied. The results show that the strain rate sensitivity varies with the test temperature, and the yield strength is not sensitive to the strain rate at room temperature but significantly sensitive to the strain rate at high temperature. An increase of the strain rate or a decrease of the temperature results in an obvious change of fracture mode. It is found that the strain rate sensitivity of this alloy varying with temperature is due to the dislocation climb generated at high temperature.     

贵冶VPSA制氧机作业率攻关与改造

阐述了江铜贵溪冶炼厂二期工程引进的一套3800m3/h真空变压吸附制氧机(简称VPSA)的基本原理、工艺特点,分析了实际运行过程中周期短、作业率低的主要原因,采取了相应的技术改造和维护措施。     

Increased Vulnerability to Stress Following Opiate Exposures: Behavioral and Autonomic Correlates.

The authors used rats to study the impact of a history of opiate exposures on behavioral and autonomic responses to restraint stress. Brief restraint (30 min) provoked tachycardia and a pressor response, anxiety (as indexed by social interaction), grooming, and reduced exploration. The pressor response was reduced at 1 day, but not 7 days, after last opiate exposure; tachycardia was unaffected (Experiment 1). Stress-induced anxiety was potentiated 1 and 7 days after last opiate exposure (Experiment 2), and this potentiation was a function of dose (Experiment 3) and duration (Experiment 4) of opiate exposure. The results show that a history of opiate exposures alters vulnerability to stress and has implications for understanding coping, anxiety, and emotionality in former opiate users. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

大断面结构参数计算机模拟研究

为了解决弓长岭井下在矿体倾角较大、下盘围岩不稳固的情况下矿石回收率低的问题,本文从弓长岭铁矿的实际应用出发,深入研究了放矿口对散体移动规律的影响,在分析模拟系统的设计要求及功能的基础上,对D.Jolley模型进行建模.采用C#开发了计算机模拟系统,模拟实现了大断面出矿的一系列过程。该系统能够对多种方案进行模拟,并对模拟结果进行选优。仿真结果表明大断面进路出矿对提高矿石回收率的正确性及有效性。     

Strain rate sensitivity of the commercial aluminum alloy AA5182-O

The mechanical behavior of the commercial aluminum alloy AA5182-O is investigated at temperatures ranging from −120 to 150 °C and strain rates from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻¹ s⁻¹. The strain rate sensitivity parameter is determined as a function of temperature and plastic strain, and the strain rate and temperature range in which dynamic strain aging leads to negative strain rate sensitivity is mapped. The effect of dynamic strain aging on ductility and strain hardening is investigated. The sensitivity of the measured quantities to the experimental method employed and their dependence on grain shape are discussed. The experimental data are compared with the predictions of a model constructed based on a recently proposed mechanism for dynamic strain ageing. The mechanism is based on the effect solute clustering at forest dislocations has on the strength of dislocation junctions. The model is shown to reproduce qualitatively the experimental trends.