基于偏振光的棉纤维成熟度仪系统

开发基于偏振光的棉纤维成熟度仪系统。利用单片机的集成度高、功能强、可靠性高、结构简单、应用灵活和价格低等特点,以偏振光成熟度检测原理为基础,运用单片机实现检测的自动化、智能化。通过光学电路将棉纤维成熟度以光电信号形式输出,用A/D转换通道进行模数转换,完成对成熟度各个参数的计算,与标准值比较并输出相对偏差。     

Thermally Responsive Fibers for Versatile Thermoactivated Protective Fabrics

Smart textiles with good mechanical adaptability play an important role in personal protection, health monitoring, and aerospace applications. However, most of the reported thermally responsive polymers has long response time and poor processability, comfort, and wearability. Skin-core structures of thermally responsive fibers with multiple commercial fiber cores and temperature-responsive hydrogel skins are designed and fabricated, which exhibit rapid mechanical adaptability, good thermohardening, and thermal insulation. This universal method enables tight bonding between various commercial fiber cores and hydrogel skins via specific covalently anchored networks. At room temperature, prepared fibers show softness, flexibility, and skin compatibility similar to those of ordinary fibers. As temperature rises, smart fibers become hard, rigid, and self-supporting. The modulus of hydrogel skin increases from 304% to 30883%, showing good mechanoadaptability and impact resistance owing to the synergy between hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonding. Moreover, this synergistic effect leads to an increase in heat absorption, and fibers exhibit good thermal insulation, which reduces the contact temperature of the body surface by ≈25 °C under the external temperature of 95 °C, effectively preventing thermal burns. Notably, the active mechanoadaptability of these smart fibers using conductive fibers as cores is demonstrated. This study provides feasibility for fabricating environmentally adaptive intelligent textiles.     

MXene Functionalized,Highly Breathable and Sensitive Pressure Sensors with Multi-Layered Porous Structure

Breathable, flexible, and highly sensitive pressure sensors have drawn increasing attention due to their potential in wearable electronics for body-motion monitoring, human-machine interfaces, etc. However, current pressure sensors are usually assembled with polymer substrates or encapsulation layers, thus causing discomfort during wearing (i.e., low air/vapor permeability, mechanical mismatch) and restricting their applications. A breathable and flexible pressure sensor is reported with nonwoven fabrics as both the electrode (printed with MXene interdigitated electrode) and sensing (coated with MXene/silver nanowires) layers via a scalable screen-printing approach. Benefiting from the multi-layered porous structure, the sensor demonstrates good air permeability with high sensitivity (770.86–1434.89 kPa⁻¹), a wide sensing range (0–100 kPa), fast response/recovery time (70/81 ms), and low detection limit (≈1 Pa). Particularly, this sensor can detect full-scale human motion (i.e., small-scale pulse beating and large-scale walking/running) with high sensitivity, excellent cycling stability, and puncture resistance. Additionally, the sensing layer of the pressure sensor also displays superior sensitivity to humidity changes, which is verified by successfully monitoring human breathing and spoken words while wearing a sensor-embedded mask. Given the outstanding features, this breathable sensor shows promise in the wearable electronic field for body health monitoring, sports activity detection, and disease diagnosis.     

用于纤维材料表面耐磨涂层的制备与性能表征

为使涤纶织物应用范围更广,更耐磨,本文制备了一种有机硅树脂基纳米硼化钛碳化钛复合涂层,通过正交实验法得到最佳的涂层方案,并尝试将其应用于涤纶织物,以改善涤纶织物的表面结构,进而实现涤纶织物表面优异的耐磨性能.为测试涂层对涤纶织物性能的影响, 采用泰伯式耐磨仪、液滴形状分析仪、电子织物强力机、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了涂层织物的耐磨性能、疏水性能、物理机械性能和磨损织物的表面微观形态.研究表明：当有机硅树脂与无水乙醇质量比为75: 25,含量(质量分数)为93%;超分散剂含量为1.5%;乙醇增稠剂含量为1.5%;纳米硼化钛和碳化钛质量比为2: 1,含量为4%时,所得涂层溶液应用于涤纶织物后会形成一层包覆层,耐磨性能最优.对于涂覆量为15 g/m²的涤纶,拉伸断裂强力由573.92 N提高到620.48 N,顶破强力由652.34 N提高到790.07 N,撕裂强力由9.87 N降低到5.78 N,疏水性能有较大提高,接触角可达到120°以上.     

天平调节装置棉层标准厚度范围的探讨

分析计算了清棉机上两种棉层标准厚度范围大小,即工艺所要求的棉层厚度范围及天平调节装置允许的棉层厚度范围。探讨了棉层平均厚度过小时天平调节装置失效的原因及解决办法     

碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布探析

介绍了碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布在电池生产中的作用和要求,对碱性蓄电池隔膜用非织造布的纤维原料、生产方法进行了比较分析。     

阳离子染料可染改性涤纶及涤纶织物的碱减量研究

以阳离子染料可染改性涤纶丝与普通涤纶丝混纺（或交织）织物为研究对象,探讨碱剂。促进剂、减量温度及时间等因素对减量率的影响以及不同减量工艺经阳离子染料染色对织物闪色效果的影响。研究表明在保证一定减量率的基础上,染色后织物具有一定的闪色效果。