Dietary fibre of coconuts from a pacific atoll: Soluble and insoluble components in relation to maturity

Polysaccharide fractions were measured in coconuts at three stages of maturity, which corresponded to dietary usage in the Tokelau Islands of the South Pacific. Kernel was sequentially extracted with cold water (CW), hot water (HW) hot 0.5% ammonium oxalate (HOX), 1M H² SO⁴ and 72% H² SO⁴, and the monosaccharide compositions of the fractions determined. Total readily soluble fractions (CW+HW+HOX) were predominantly galactomannan, and decreased from 77% of the polysaccharide in the immature kernel to 8.8% of that in the mature kernel. Insoluble mannan increased during maturation to be the major polysaccharide component in mature kernel. This indicates that marked differences exist between the three stages of maturity examined, in the properties of their dietary fibre. The results suggest that in studies of diets in which coconut is a staple part, there is a need for careful definition of the coconut component with respect to maturity. Furthermore, they show the importance of using dietary fibre methods which are appropriate to the solubility characteristics of the indigestible polysaccharide.     

岛上原油贮罐罐底边缘板腐蚀机理分析及防护措施

对马鞭洲岛广石化码头原油罐罐底边缘板腐蚀机理进行分析，并采取相应的防护措施。实践表明，对提高码头原油贮罐的安全使用寿命是有效的。     

从铜镉渣中回收镉的试验研究

本文介绍了从铜镉渣中回收镉的试验研究情况，采用酸浸-铜镉渣中和-锌粉除铜法处理铜镉渣，工艺简单合理，镉直收率高，有一定的推广价值。     

银耳多糖超声波提取工艺优化及抗BV2细胞炎症的作用研究

以银耳为原料, 采用超声波辅助热水浸提法提取银耳多糖, 以多糖提取率为指标, 以超声波功率、提取料液比、提取温度和提取时间为影响因素, 设计单因素试验, 并通过正交试验得到较佳提取工艺。通过用TRPV1(Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid1)试剂盒检测了小胶质细胞TRPV1的释放水平, 与脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide, LPS)对照组相比, 不同质量浓度的银耳多糖组(62.5, 250, 1000 μg/mL)均能不同程度地抑制TRPV1的释放量。说明了银耳多糖对于BV2小胶质细胞炎症具有良好的抑制作用。     

A Strategy of Liquid-Grafted Slippery Sponges with Simultaneously Enhanced Absorption and Desorption Performances for Crude Oil Spill Remediation

Crude oil spill accidents pose a worldwide environmental threat. Oleophilic and hydrophobic absorbents that can selectively absorb oil from water have shown promising application potential in oil spill remediation. Simultaneous optimization of the absorption and desorption speed of absorbents towards oil is highly desirable for their recyclable usage, but remains a great challenge, because these two properties are generally conflicting. Here, a facile and ingenious strategy is proposed to tackle the above challenge via surface modification of porous sponges with highly flexible linear polydimethylsiloxane (LPDMS) brushes. The LPDMS brushes feature liquid-like properties at room temperature owing to its extremely low glass transition temperature, and act as a covalently-grafted lubrication layer throughout the 3D network channels of the sponge, which can minimize contact angle hysteresis and reduce friction between oil and sponge channel. Compared to the prevalent cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane (CPDMS) modification strategy, sponges modified with LPDMS brushes not only shows significantly enhanced absorption speed, but also exhibits superior desorption dynamics towards viscous crude oils. The design strategy of slippery sponges with liquid-like molecules may open a new avenue for developing advanced absorbents with simultaneously enhanced absorption and desorption performances for liquid separation and purification applications.     

Crude Wax Extracted from Rice Bran Oil Improves Oleogel Properties and Oxidative Stability

Crude wax extracted from rice bran oil (RBO) is used to improve the oleogel properties and oxidative stability of RBO. The effect of crude rice bran wax (CrBW) on the formation characteristics and oxidative stability of oleogels is discussed. The results show that oleogels can be formed with 7.0 wt% CrBW at 20 °C. As the concentration of CrBW increases from 7.0 to 11.0 wt%, the hardness and solid fat content (SFC) of the oleogels increase significantly, and the oleogels are primarily β' crystals. Moreover, oleogel crystals formed with 5 and 7 wt% CrBW are flocculent; when the amount included is 9%, the oleogel crystals are transformed into long dendrites, and the density rises. After 90 days of storage at 20 °C, the peroxide value of oleogels formed with 9.0 wt% CrBW slowly rises from 3.21 to 6.52 mmol kg⁻¹. Practical Applications: Oleogels prepared here by CrBW and RBO are an innovative structural lipid without trans fats. Useful information on the rich fats and nutrients in CrBW is provided, which reduces the production cost and improves the industrial production capacity.     

贵州天柱重晶石回转窑还原焙烧生产工艺研究

中国重晶石资源储量丰富,为科学合理利用,避免重晶石开发过程中浪费,采用?3.2 m×60 m回转窑还原焙烧处理贵州天柱重晶石,考察了焙烧温度、抛煤对重晶石还原效果的影响。结果表明,当高温区温度为1 050~1 200 ℃、窑尾温度为500~600 ℃、窑头温度为750~850 ℃、回转窑转速为0.20~0.40 r/min、处理量为15~20 t/h、吨矿耗煤为191.64 kg时,获得粗钡中硫化钡质量分数为70.5%、粗钡浸出率为91.3%的良好指标,焙烧矿石及浸出考核指标均合格,对合理利用中国储量巨大的重晶石矿资源具有重要的现实意义。     

中国石化集团原油资源优化配置及建议

介绍了石化集团原油资源现状，分析了原油资源配置过程中存在的主要问题，提出了资源优化配置的原则与基本思路，及实施原油资源优化配置的配套措施和建议。     

我国木质素油田化学品的发展现状

本文综述了我国木质素类（碱木质素或木质素磺酸盐）油田化学品的最新进展，其中包括钻井液处理剂、油井水泥添加剂、堵水剂、调剖剂、稠油降粘剂和表面活性剂驱油的牺牲剂。目前我国木质素类堵水剂、调剖剂和稠油降粘剂的研究和应用方面已达到或超过世界先进水平，改性木质素磺酸盐的研究也接近国际先进水平，但钻井处理剂和水泥添加剂仅为美国的1／9，许多木质素化学品仍为空白。因此，这些油田化学品仍然是吸引人去研究的课题，期望不久的将来会有较大的进展。