热风干燥制备马铃薯颗粒全粉试验研究

采用两因素三水平的全面正交试验,研究热风干燥温度和切片厚度对马铃薯干燥特性及对马铃薯颗粒全粉堆积密度、水合能力的影响.结果表明:马铃薯片的干燥过程分为调整、等速和降速3个干燥阶段.其中等速和降速干燥阶段的速率明显受到干燥温度和切片厚度的影响.粒径为0.125mm～0.175mm之间的马铃薯颗粒全粉堆积密度为0.73 g/mL～0.80g/mL、水合能力(WHC)为每克样品中含水2.98～6.01,复水后的马铃薯泥具有沙口性和浓郁的马铃薯香味.     

桑椹汁保健泡腾冲剂的研制

以桑椹汁和桑叶为主要原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸、香精、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐等辅料,经调配、过滤、浓缩、干燥、灭菌、包装等工序加工而成的桑椹汁保健泡腾冲剂,其色泽美观、口感较好、风味独特、溶解和泡腾性好,是具有较强保健作用的产品。     

枸杞汁保健泡腾冲剂的研制

以枸杞汁和枸杞叶汁为主要原料,添加白砂糖、柠檬酸、香精、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐等辅料,经调配、过滤、浓缩、干燥、灭菌、包装等工序加工而成的枸杞汁保健泡腾冲剂,其色泽美观、口感较好、风味独特、溶解和泡腾性好,是具有较强保健作用的产品。     

青钱柳冲剂对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖功效

研究青钱柳冲剂对链佐霉素所致糖尿病小鼠的降血糖功效。以链佐霉素诱导小鼠糖尿病模型,设置模型对照组、正常对照组、阳性对照组以及青钱柳冲剂低、中、高剂量组,给药21d后,测定小鼠的空腹血糖、体质量、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、肝糖原等指标,并对小鼠胰腺组织的病理切片进行显微镜观察病变情况。结果表明：与模型对照组相比,青钱柳冲剂各组均能显著降低链佐霉素致糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖水平和总胆固醇量,显著增加体质量和肝糖原含量,并能减轻胰岛细胞病变程度。提示青钱柳冲剂对糖尿病模型小鼠具有明显治疗作用,其作用机理与其能调节肝脏糖代谢、恢复病变胰岛细胞的结构和功能有关。     

硒麦芽颗粒的研制

以硒麦芽粉为原料,研究制备具有补充有机硒和增强免疫力功能的保健食品硒麦芽颗粒。亚硒酸钠浸种小麦,进行无土生物转化成有机硒麦芽,经干燥、粉碎作为原料,L9（34）正交实验选择最佳工艺配方;以混合均匀度指标确定混合时间;以颗粒水分和溶化性指标确定干燥温度和时间;并试验选择颗粒粒度及颗粒辐照灭菌剂量,按照试验确定的工艺参数,进行3批生产验证。最佳工艺配方糊精20%、乳糖28%,乙醇浓度60%;混合时间25 min,硒含量M、RSD符合要求;生产批量干燥的温度65℃,时间4 h~5 h,粒度在10目~50目,辐照剂量6 kGy~8 kGy ,3批验证成品检测结果均合格。以硒麦芽粉为原料,按照试验确定的工艺参数,可以制备得到质量稳定的硒麦芽颗粒。     

Transformation and performance of granular sequence batch reactor under conventional organic loading rate condition

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the transformation and performance of a granular sequence batch reactor（SBR） under the conventional organic loading rate（OLR） condition.Aerobic granules were successfully cultivated in a SBR by means of alternative feeding load combined with reducing settling time after 60 d operational period.Subsequently,the black fungal granules were presented in reactor because of the filamentous overgrowth on the surface of aerobic granules.A small amount of fungal granules had no effect on the performance of granular SBR.Aerobic granules completely vanished and fungal granules eventually became the dominant species in subsequent 90 d operation after granulation.The three-dimensional excitation emission matrix（EEM） spectra result shows that the extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） component in both granules has no much difference,whereas the content of EPS in fungal granules is higher than that in bacterial granules.Due to their low bioactivity,the chemical oxidation demand（COD） and NH4-N removal efficiencies gradually decrease from 90.4%–96.5% and 99.5% to 71.8% and 32.9% respectively while the fungal granules become dominant in the SBR.     

Granulation time in fluidized bed granulators

Size enlargement of particles in fluidized bed granulation involves mixing of particles with a binder liquid to form larger wet granules and drying them to form dry granules. Identification of the time for completion of granulation process is critical as further fluidization of dry granules is providing extra energy for their attrition. Monitoring the bed pressure drop and bed temperature of a batch fluidized bed granulator with time can provide information on the time for completion of the granulation process. Experimental observations on granulation time and size of granules in a lab-scale batch fluidized bed granulator are presented. Model based equations are developed for the estimation of granulation time and size of granules.     

STUDY ON TECHNIQUE OF GRANULATION BY HF—PLASMA SPRAYING

The process of complex granules preparedby HF plasma spraying through axial feedingand thermodynamic analysis of the process isdescribed.The densification factors of complexgranules is also discussed,the result of whichcoincides with the test results.The process hasthe advantages of simple processing,convenientoperation,high purity and wide applications.Itis an effective way for producing complexgranules by multicomponent metallic powders andceramic metal powders.     

STUDY ON TECHNIQUE OF GRANULATION BY HF—PLASMA SPRAYING

The process of complex granules preparedby HF plasma spraying through axial feedingand thermodynamic analysis of the process isdescribed.The densification factors of complexgranules is also discussed,the result of whichcoincides with the test results.The process hasthe advantages of simple processing,convenientoperation,high purity and wide applications.Itis an effective way for producing complexgranules by multicomponent metallic powders andceramic metal powders.     

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) embedding and subsequent de-embedding as a method for the structural and immunocytochemical examination of biological specimens by electron microscopy

A simple and reliable method to make resinless sections for electron microscopy was recently developed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a transient embedding media. In this paper the practical procedure of this PEG method is described in detail. Normal ultrastructure of several types of in-situ cells in resinless sections is demonstrated. The cytoplasmic matrix of all in-situ cells examined is revealed to consist of the microtrabecular lattice. A result from application of this technique to immuno-electron microscopy is also illustrated. This method is shown to have potential in overcoming the problem of intracellular penetration of macromolecular antibodies. Several artifacts caused by failures in specimen preparations are displayed. The real or artifactual nature of the microtrabecula is briefly discussed.