Effects of Sesame Oil Addition to Soybean Oil During Frying on the Lipid Oxidative Stability and Antioxidants Contents of the Fried Products During Storage in the Dark

ABSTRACT: Effects of sesame oil addition to soybean oil during frying on the lipid oxidative stability and antioxidants contents of fried products during storage in the dark were studied. Flour dough pieces (2 cm × 2 cm × 0.1 cm) were fried at 160 °C for 1 min in sesame oil-added soybean oil. Concentrations of sesame oil in the frying oil were 0%, 10%, and 20% by volume. Fried products were put into a glass bottle, and the bottles were tightly sealed and stored at 60 °C in the dark for 18 d. Lipid oxidation of fried products was determined by fatty acid composition changes and conjugated dienoic acid (CDA) and p -anisidine (PA) values. Tocopherols and lignan compounds in the fried products were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Relative content of linolenic acid decreased, and CDA and PA values increased during storage of the fried products in the dark. Fatty acid composition change and CDA and PA values during storage were lower in the products fried in sesame oil-added soybean oil than in the products fried in soybean oil without sesame oil. The results clearly showed that addition of roasted sesame oil to soybean oil at 10% and 20% during frying decreased the lipid oxidation of fried products during storage in the dark for 18 d by extension of induction period and decrease in decomposition of oxidized lipids. Fried products contained 134 to 267 ppm tocopherols and 0 to 148 ppm lignans before storage; however, their contents decreased during storage in the dark. Lignan compounds were more stable than tocopherols, and the rate of tocopherols degradation was lower in the products fried in sesame oil-added soybean oil than in the products fried in soybean oil without sesame oil, which could be because of protection of tocopherols from degradation by lignan compounds.     

酵母菌纯种发酵普洱茶初探

酵母菌是普洱茶发酵过程中的优势菌种之一,含有极丰富的对人体有益的营养物质、丰富的酶系统和生理活性物质,此外还能代谢产生VB1、VB2、Vc等物质,是形成普洱茶甘、滑、醇品质风格的重要因子。对从普洱茶渥堆发酵样品中分离出的5株优势酵母菌进行纯菌接种发酵试验,并对发酵后的茶样进行化学成分检测和感官评价,结果发现,酵母菌株Y5能将生茶的多酚值由28.33%降至14.54%,将茶褐素值由2.45%增至6.86%,在5株酵母菌发酵的茶样中,其茶褐素增幅最为显著。另外Y5发酵的茶样有香甜味,其滋味略苦,生津,有回甘,可以用来提高普洱茶的香气和滋味。     

茶多酚联合壳聚糖对黄瓜贮藏品质的影响

分析壳聚糖与天然抑菌抗氧化物质茶多酚对黄瓜进行涂膜保鲜的可行性。用茶多酚和壳聚糖混合液处理黄瓜,结合PE保鲜袋包装贮藏,测定贮藏过程中黄瓜呼吸强度、维生素C含量、硬度及失重率等各项指标的变化。壳聚糖联合茶多酚对黄瓜的保鲜效果优于单一保鲜剂,涂膜剂中添加茶多酚可明显延缓果实呼吸高峰出现的时间、降低黄瓜的失重率,黄瓜的硬度和维生素C的保存率高于对照组。涂膜保鲜剂中添加茶多酚量为0.3%时保鲜效果最佳。壳聚糖中添加茶多酚能够明显延长黄瓜的保鲜期。     

超声波法提取凤凰茶多糖的研究

茶多糖是一种水溶性复合多糖,在保健食品和药品发展方面具有广阔的应用前景.该试验利用超声波辅助法提取茶多糖,先考察了不同料液比、超声波功率、超声波时间和超声温度对茶多糖提取率的影响,然后利用正交试验,优化茶多糖的提取工艺,并对结果进行分析.结果显示,凤凰茶多糖最佳提取条件为料液比1∶40、超声波功率350W、超声时间20min、超声温度70℃.     

茶饮料中苯甲酸、山梨酸检测能力验证研究

为了解我国食品检测实验室的苯甲酸、山梨酸检测能力,国家认监委组织实施了茶饮料中苯甲酸、山梨酸检测能力验证工作。31个省、市、自治区的134家实验室参加了本次能力验证。本研究介绍了茶饮料中苯甲酸、山梨酸检测能力验证计划的实施过程,包括方案设计、样品制备、均匀性稳定性试验、结果统计等,并对能力验证结果进行了分析。结果显示:苯甲酸检测满意结果率为80.6%,山梨酸检测满意结果率84.3%,参加能力验证的绝大多数实验室可以准确检测苯甲酸、山梨酸,我国食品防腐剂检测实验室具有较高的水平。     

黄连花茶加工工艺及其抗氧化作用研究

以黄连的花薹为原料,研究了黄连花茶的加工工艺及其抗氧化活性。结果表明,黄连花薹经杀青、冷却后,干燥,包装制得的黄连花茶风味清香、复水性好。采用霍恩氏法,对花茶的急性毒性(LD50)进行测定,21.5g/kg·BW剂量下,实验动物未发现死亡及异常;大于15g/kg·BW剂量,属无毒。水浸出物对羟自由基(·OH)和过氧化氢(H2O2)均具有清除作用。     

Changes in the volatiles,chemical components,and antioxidant activities of Chinese jasmine tea during the scenting processes

Chinese jasmine tea, a type of flower-scented tea, is produced by repeatedly mixing the base tea with the aromatic flowers of Jasminum sambac. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the volatiles, chemical components, and antioxidant activities of Chinese jasmine tea during six rounds of the scenting processes. The results indicated that benzyl alcohol, linalool, benzyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, methyl anthranilate, indole, and α-farnesene were seven major volatile compounds of jasmine tea. Moreover, the total amount of the volatile compounds increased gradually with increasing scenting rounds. The absorption of linalool became saturated quickly, while those of the other six major volatile compounds exhibited nearly linear increases throughout all six repeated scenting rounds. Importantly, the value of the jasmine tea flavor index, an evaluating indicator of the aroma quality, gradually increased with the progression of the repeated scenting rounds. The change of each detected taste component was less than 15% during six rounds of the scenting process. The antioxidant activities of the tea samples decreased in the first two rounds and later increased in the succeeding four rounds of the scenting process. However, the antioxidant activity of the finished tea was lower than that of the base tea, being significantly correlated with the change of catechin concentration. The findings provided insight into the changes in the volatiles, chemical components, and antioxidant activity of Chinese jasmine green tea during the repetitious scenting process, which could provide beneficial insight on improving the quality grade of the tea.     

Effects of ready to drink teas on AhR- and PXR-mediated expression of cytochromes P450 CYP1A1 and CYP3A4 in human cancer cell lines and primary human hepatocytes

A variety of xenobiotics are taken in the diet and they can interfere with regulatory pathways of drug metabolizing enzymes in humans. This can result in food-drug interactions, which is undesirable clinical situation where drug pharmacokinetics are influenced by dietary compounds. Xenobiotics-mediated food-drug interactions include the induction of drug metabolizing cytochromes P450. The expression of the most important inducible cytochromes CYP1A and CYP3A4 are regulated by xenoreceptors PXR and AhR.We examined extracts from 17 different flavoured ready to drink teas (RDTs) for their capabilities to activate PXR and AhR receptors and to induce CYP3A4 and CYP1A genes. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes and cancer cell lines HepG2 and LS174T were used as in vitro models. Gene reporter assays, RT-PCR and Western blots were performed.We identified three RDTs that induced CYP3A4 mRNA and protein, implying a potential for food-drug interactions. Several RDTs slightly elevated CYP1A1 expression or activated AhR.     

茶叶籽淀粉提取工艺研究

以茶叶籽为原料,利用超声波辅助水提法工艺从中提取淀粉。响应面分析得出茶叶籽淀粉的最佳提取条件为：原料粉碎度60～80目,液固比为6．9：1（mL/g）,浸提温度48℃,浸提时间3．7h,兑浆水pH为9,超声时间40min。此条件下,淀粉提取率可达81．93％,粗淀粉中淀粉含量为84．53％。     

Characterisation of polysaccharides from green tea of Huangshan Maofeng with antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects

This study was to examine the hepatoprotective effects of polysaccharides from green tea of Huangshan Maofeng (HMTP) against CCl₄-induced oxidative damage in mice. HMTP is an acidic heteropolysaccharide with galactose (35.0%, mol.%), arabinose (28.9%) and galacturonic acid (11.3%) being the main monosaccharide components. HMTP (400 and 800 mg/kg·bw) administered orally daily for 14 days before CCl₄ administration significantly reduced the impact of CCl₄ toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total-cholesterol and triglycerides. This method of HMTP administration also markedly restrained hepatic lipid peroxidation formation of malondialdehyde and 15-F_2t isoprostanes, and elevated the antioxidant levels of hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase. These results together with liver histopathology indicated that HMTP exhibited hepatoprotection against CCl₄-induced injury, which was found to be comparable to that of biphenyldicarboxylate. The hepatoprotective effects of HMTP may be due to both the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the increase of antioxidant activity.