Evaluation of energy performance indicators and financial aspects of energy saving techniques in residential real estate

The energy consumption in the existing residential building stock accounts for about 40% of the total energy consumption in the built environment. Different types of energy performance indicators to assess the energy consumption of buildings were and still are internationally under development. In this paper we compare the methodologies and accuracies of three Dutch energy performance indicators by applying them to eight houses. This application shows that the actual domestic energy use is linearly correlated with the estimated energy consumption given by the energy performance indicators, but 7-25% lower.Based on the energy performance indicators and actual energy use, we offer a methodology to incorporate additional revenues within the financial analysis of energy saving techniques. These revenues are related to the value of the dwelling in which the techniques are installed. We use the same houses to analyse the financial returns on energy saving investments. By assigning the value increase of real estate to two popular specific energy saving techniques, namely wall and roof insulation, it is found that the payback period could be 40-50% shorter than when it is solely based on investment costs and energy prices.     

FCC汽油在Ni-W催化剂上非临氢降烯烃的研究

研究了一种非加氢降烯烃催化剂的制备及应用。该催化剂由Cl／SiO2／γ-Al2O3作载体，700℃高温焙烧，采用共浸渍法添加活性金属Ni和W制得。反应在自制的小型固定床反应器上进行，最佳反应条件为：温度230℃，空速1．5h，压力2．5MPa。产品用PONA色谱法和荧光吸附法分析检测其族组成，FCC汽油中烯烃的体积分数由原来的54．89％下降到26．71％(PONA法)，芳烃的体积分数有所升高但小于40％，符合车用汽油国家标准的有关要求。同时测定辛烷值(RON)为93，克服了以往加氢带来的辛烷值降低的缺点。该催化剂的使用周期在90h左右．可多次再生使用。     

基于Cimatron E的多轴毛坯的应用

以29英寸CRT电视模具动模主型芯加工为例，结合自己多年数控加工经验，介绍了CimatronE软件多轴毛坯的应用。提高了加工效率，降低了模具制造成本。     

Dispersion of soybean stock‐based nanofiber in a plastic matrix

The focus of this work is the study of the dispersion mechanism of soybean stock‐based nanofibers in a plastic matrix. The cellulose nanofibers were extracted from soybean stock by chemo‐mechanical treatments. These are bundles of cellulose nanofibers with a diameter ranging between 50 and 100 nm and lengths of thousands of nanometers. These nanofibers were characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X‐ray diffraction studies showed that the soybean stock nanofibers had a relative percentage crystallinity of about 48%. Selective chemical treatments increased the cellulose content of soybean stock nanofibers from 41 to 61%. The matrix polymers used in this project were poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyethylene (PE). The mechanical properties of nanofiber‐reinforced PVA film demonstrated a 4‐ to 5‐fold increase in tensile strength, as compared to the untreated fiber‐blend‐PVA film. One of the problems encountered in the use of nanoreinforcements lies in the difficulty in ensuring good dispersion of the filler in the composite material. Improved dispersion level of nanofibers within a thermoplastic was achieved by adding ethylene‐acrylic oligomer emulsion as a dispersant. In the solid phase of nanofiber‐blend‐PE composites, the compression‐molded samples showed that improved mechanical properties were achieved with coated nanofibers. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

轨道客车侧顶窗玻璃抗冰雹冲击仿真分析

设计了一种抗冰雹冲击的轨道客车侧顶窗玻璃,并基于显示积分非线性动力学理论利用LS-DYNA软件研究了玻璃抗冰雹撞击的极限速度。同时,综合列车最高运行速度、冰雹自由落体速度、冰雹和玻璃自身机械性能等推导出冰雹实际坠落的最大速度,评估玻璃的抗冰雹冲击性能。结果表明,直径40mm、速度84m/s的冰雹才能损坏玻璃,超过冰雹实际能达到的速度2.7倍,因此,所设计的侧顶窗玻璃能抵抗通常的冰雹冲击。     

玻璃熔窑池壁的保护措施

针对玻璃熔窑池壁侵蚀的主要原因,在浮法玻璃生产过程中加强熔化操作和窑炉维护,采取一些技术措施延长熔窑池壁使用寿命,保证熔窑正常运行。     

Data collection and analysis of the building stock and its energy performance—An example for Hellenic buildings

The process of building labeling and certification in accordance to the provisions of the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) constitutes a unique opportunity for collecting information on the characteristics of the building stock and its energy performance on a national and European level. Thus, there is a need to handle data from a large stock of buildings and to be able to analyse information and extract practical trends and benchmarks. Stakeholders and technical managers who oversee a number of buildings experience similar needs in order to collect, organize and monitor the energy performance of a large pool of buildings. To facilitate these efforts, a common evaluation database and complimentary software for its exploitation have been developed in the frame of a European project.This paper presents an overview of the database and its available tools, and the main results from a case study on Hellenic buildings that reveals relevant characteristics. The Hellenic database included a sample of 250 buildings from different regions in Greece, with a breakdown that is representative of the national building stock. The main results focus on the buildings’ energy performance, thermal envelope characteristics and the exploitation of solar thermal energy.     

淀粉酶对二次纤维的改性研究

淀粉酶是一种生物催化剂,酶的专一性决定其不会对纤维自身的强度造成不利的影响.用淀粉酶处理二次纤维,能水解纤维表面吸附的淀粉,增加纤维均匀分散的程度,有利于提高纸料的滤水速度、成纸强度.研究发现:当α-淀粉酶的用量为25IU/g绝干浆时,对二次纤维(OCC)的改性达到了最佳效果,成纸的环压指数为7.961 N·m/g,抗张指数为3.12N·m/g,挺度为1384mN·m.     

Master Jet-G流浆箱在高速新闻纸机上的应用

介绍了VOITH公司MasterJet-G高湍流式流浆箱的结构、主要功能以及流浆箱的设计参数、流浆箱的压头控制、流量控制、横幅定量控制及流浆箱的操作.     

原棉库存管理信息系统开发

原棉库存管理是棉纺织企业信息化管理的重要组成部分，本设计从纺织企业的实际出发，根据生产需要，结合理论开发了基于C／S三层应用的原棉库存管理信息系统。系统主要模块包括基本信息管理、购销合同管理、出入库管理、库存盘点管理等功能模块。