H2 plasma treatment at the p/i interface of a hydrogenated amorphous Si absorption layer for high‐performance Si thin film solar cells

Plasma treatment (PT) of the buffer layer for highly H₂‐diluted hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) absorption layers is proposed as a technique to improve efficiency and mitigate light‐induced degradation (LID) in a‐Si:H thin film solar modules. The method was verified for a‐Si:H single‐junction and a‐Si:H/microcrystalline silicon (µc‐Si:H) tandem modules with a size of 200 × 200 mm² (aperture area of 382.5 cm²) under long‐term light exposure. H₂ PT at the p/i interface was found to eliminate non‐radiative recombination centers in the buffer layer, and plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low radio‐frequency power was found to suppress the generation of defects during the growth of a‐Si:H absorption layers on the treated buffer layers. With optimized H₂ PT of the a‐Si:H single‐junction module, the stabilized short circuit current and fill factor increased, and the stabilized open circuit voltage moves beyond its initial value. The results demonstrate 7.7% stabilized efficiency and 10.5% LID for the a‐Si:H single‐junction module and 10.82% stabilized efficiency and 7.76% LID for the a‐Si:H/µc‐Si:H tandem module. Thus, the growth of an a‐Si:H absorption layer on a H₂ PT buffer layer can be considered as a practical method for producing high‐performance Si thin film modules. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辐照诱生的双极性线性稳压器的1/f 噪声退化研究

研究发现辐照能使双极线性稳压器LM117的输出1/f噪声性能退化。本文在研究双极线性稳压器LM117的辐照失效机理基础上,认为LM117的内部带隙基准是其噪声性能退化的关键部件,辐照引起的带隙基准内部的双极性晶体管的基极表面复合电流的退化,导致LM117输出1/f噪声发生退化。通过对比,可以看出1/f噪声比电参数敏感,也可以用来表征LM117辐照损伤。     

掺硼p型晶硅太阳电池LID恢复研究

设计了一种基于绝缘层上硅（SOI）的推挽式硅-有机物混合（SOH）马赫-曾德干涉型（MZI）电光调制器。利用薄膜模式匹配法对槽波导（slot）的光场分布进行了仿真分析,优化后得到了限制因子为0.32的slot波导结构。采用推挽式马赫-曾德干涉仪结构,并在相移臂嵌入LX M1非线性有机材料,得到半波电压-长度积Vπ·L为0.885V·mm、电学响应带宽fRC可达123.2GHz、开关速度为8.11ps的SOH调制器结构。利用基于本征有限元法求解麦克斯韦方程,对共平面波导电极系统进行了计算仿真,获得了特性阻抗接近50Ω、高频速率匹配的电极结构。 更多还原     

基于板级电路加速退化数据的可靠性分析

基于板级电路加速性能退化数据来研究电子产品可靠性评估问题。对电源整板进行80℃、100℃、120℃下加速退化试验．监测到输出电压随温度变化的退化过程。由试验数据对加速性予以定量验证,并基于Weibull分布采用最小二乘法进行可靠性统计推断。     

Organic Cation‐Dependent Degradation Mechanism of Organotin Halide Perovskites

The applications of organotin halide perovskites are limited because of their chemical instability under ambient conditions. Upon air exposure, Sn²⁺ can be rapidly oxidized to Sn⁴⁺, causing a large variation in the electronic properties. Here, the role of organic cations in degradation is investigated by comparing methylammonium tin iodide (MASnI₃) and formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI₃). Through chemical analyses and theoretical calculations, it is found that the organic cation strongly influences the oxidation of Sn²⁺ and the binding of H₂O molecules to the perovskite lattice. On the one hand, Sn²⁺ can be easily oxidized to Sn⁴⁺ in MASnI₃, and replacing MA with FA reduces the extent of Sn oxidation; on the other hand, FA forms a stronger hydrogen bond with H₂O than does MA, leading to partial expansion of the perovskite network. The two processes compete in determining the material's conductivity. It is noted that the oxidation is a difficult process to prevent, while the water effect can be largely suppressed by reducing the moisture level. As a result, FASnI₃‐based conductors and photovoltaic cells exhibit much better reproducibility as compared to MASnI₃‐based devices. This study sheds light on the development of stable Pb‐free perovskite optoelectronic devices through new material design.     

Visible-light-responsive γ-Fe2O3/PMMA/S-TiO2 core/shell nanocomposite: Preparation,characterization and photocatalytic activity

Organic-inorganic composite materials have demonstrated many potential applications in environmental field. This paper presented a facile preparation method for γ-Fe₂O₃/PMMA/S-TiO₂ nanocomposite with core-shell structure and its application in degradation of phenanthrene under visible light irradiation. Firstly, γ-Fe₂O₃/PMMA nanoparticles were synthesized by the modified-suspension-polymerization method. Then γ-Fe₂O₃/PMMA/S-TiO₂ core-shell nanocomposites were prepared by adding as-synthesized γ-Fe₂O₃/PMMA nanoparticles into the sol solution formed by sol-gel method using tetrabutyltitanate as Ti source and thiourea as sulfur source. The characterization result of the obtained products by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the layer of sulfur doped titania was successfully coated onto the surface of γ-Fe₂O₃/PMMA nanoparticles. Thermogravimetry (TG) analysis presented that the layer of sulfur doped TiO₂ could efficiently reduce the decomposition of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) even at higher temperature up to 500 °C. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy showed that γ-Fe₂O₃/PMMA/S-TiO₂ nanocomposite clearly exhibits the red-shift of the absorption edge compared with γ-Fe₂O₃/PMMA/TiO_2. The photocatalytic activity evaluation showed that the γ-Fe₂O₃/PMMA/S-TiO₂ nanocomposite exhibited the best photocatalytic activity for degradation of phenanthrene under the conditions of 0.8 mol% of sulfur doping, calcination temperature at 300 °C and the addition concentration of 1.0 g/L. Moreover, the nanocomposites have good recovery ability by the recovery experiment.     

Effect of light-induced metastable defects on photocarrier lifetime

Creation and annealing of light-induced defects and their effect on photocarrier lifetime have been studied at 120 and 300 K using constant photocurrent method (CPM) and steady-state photoconductivity measurements. A hysteresis-like relation is observed between photoconductivity and light-induced defect density. This relation depends on both degradation temperature and light intensity used for the degradation. A broad, resembling a two-component distribution of defect annealing activation energies together with distribution of recombination coefficients account for the observed changes at 120 K. On the other hand, these distributions are narrower and sharply peaked at about 1 eV for the 300 K measurements. Results indicate that defects which are created at the earlier stages of the illumination have smaller annealing activation energies and higher recombination coefficient (capture cross-section) and these are better recombination centers than the defects with higher annealing activation energies.     

nLEDMOS热载流子效应在版图及工艺上的改善方法

Two layout and process key parameters for improving high voltage nLEDMOS （n-type lateral extended drain MOS） transistor hot carrier performance have been identified. Increasing the space between Hv-pwell and n-drift region and reducing the n-drift implant dose can dramatically reduce the device hot carder degradations, for the maximum impact ionization rate near the Bird Beak decreases or its location moves away from the Si/SiO2 interface. This conclusion has been analyzed in detail by using the MEDICI simulator and it is also confirmed by the test results.     

Glass fibers with clay nanocomposite coating: Improved barrier resistance in alkaline environment

Coatings made from neat vinyl ester and nanoclay reinforced vinyl ester composites are applied onto individual glass fibers as well as rovings to evaluate their barrier resistance against alkali and moisture attack. The fibers coated with clay nanocomposites present a significantly less damage caused by the diffusing alkali ions, giving rise to a much higher residual tensile strength after aging than the fibers without coating or those with a neat polymer coating. The static fatigue test performed on individual fibers verifies the advantage of using nanoclay composite to retard the corrosion process under the combined stress and alkaline environment. Similar beneficial effects of incorporating nanoclay on residual strength are identified for impregnated fiber bundles. The above observations confirm the excellent barrier characteristics of intercalated/exfoliated nanoclay in polymer that are applied in composite structures on both the microscopic and macroscopic scales.     

熔体微分电纺PLA/OMMT可降解纳米纤维膜制备及污染处理

采用无溶剂的熔体静电纺丝技术制备可降解聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维,是一种很有前景和挑战性的绿色制备技术。其制备的纳米纤维膜孔隙率高、吸附能力强,可高效地处理环境污染问题。借助自制的熔体微分电纺装置,在PLA中引入了有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT),在260℃下制备了PLA/OMMT纳米纤维膜。探究了OMMT含量对PLA纤维形貌、吸油性能、空气过滤性能及降解性能的影响,并获得了最佳的OMMT配比含量。研究表明:加入OMMT后PLA热稳定性提高,结晶度大幅降低。OMMT质量分数为2%时制备的纤维,其直径为450nm。该纤维膜吸油倍率为133.5g/g,是市售PP无纺布的4~5倍,保油倍率为84.2g/g,具有良好的重复使用性能。针对粒径≥0.3μm尘埃粒子的空气过滤效率为99.31%,达到欧标H11过滤等级。且相比于纯PLA纤维膜降解性能提高,减少了二次污染,符合工业化绿色环保要求。