Some observations from interrupted lifetest of GaInAsP/InP inverted-rib laser diodes

Conventionally, lifetests of semiconductor laser diodes usually involved operating the devices continuously at either constant power output or drive current, with periodic recording of their characteristics. In this paper, some effects arising from interrupted lifetest of 1.3 m GaInAsP-InP inverted-rib laser diodes are reported. This unconventional lifetest method involves constant power biasing at 4 mW/facet and 8 mW/facet respectively at 50°C, followed by a period during which the lifetest is interrupted and the devices left unbiased at room temperature. Subsequently, the devices were put back on constant power biasing at 50°C. Among a number of parameters, pronounced reduction in the threshold current, current for 4 mW/facet and 8 mW/facet were observed, indicating strong recovery effects commencing from the time when the life-test was interrupted. Redistribution of mobile defects in the cladding layer is postulated to be the cause of the degradation recovery, and the data supports the occurrence of an aging-current dependent defect annihilation mechanism. Such recovery effects have so far been observed to occur only in the GaInAsP-InP inverted-rib devices.     

The drag reduction and degradation characteristics of poly α olefin in diesel via rotating disk apparatus

Poly α olefin/diesel system was studied by experiments with a rotating disk apparatus, to investigated drag reduction and degradation behavior. Four different concentrations were tested with time, rotating speed, temperature, mechanical and ultrasound treatment. The results show that there is a optimum time and maximum DR% for drag reduction, and DR% increases slowly with temperature in diesel. The higher concentration possesses shorter optimum time but higher rotating speed to take effect. Also higher DRA concentration shows better degradation resistance at intensive shear and ultrasound circumstance. This phenomenon could be attributed to poly α olefin prefer to form more clusters than single molecule forms at high concentration, comparing with lower one.     

Study of Physically Transient Insulating Materials as a Potential Platform for Transient Electronics and Bioelectronics

Controlled degradation and transiency of materials is of significant importance in the design and fabrication of degradable and transient biomedical and electronic devices and platforms. Here, the synthesis of programmable biodegradable and transient insulating polymer films is reported, which have sufficient physical and chemical properties to be used as substrates for the construction of transient electronics. The composite structure can be used as a means to control the dissolution and transiency rate of the polymer composite film. Experimental and computational studies demonstrate that the addition of gelatin or sucrose to a PVA polymer matrix can be used as a means to program and either slow or enhance the transiency of the composite. The dissolution of the polymer composites are fitted with inverse exponential functions of different time constants; the lower time constants are an indication of faster transiency of the polymer composite. The addition of gelatin results in larger time constants, whereas the addition of sucrose generally results in smaller time constants.     

HfO2 Gate Dielectrics for Future Generation of CMOS Device Application

Introduction High- k gate dielectrics have been extensivelystudied as alternates to conventional gate oxide( Si O2 ) due to the aggressive downscaling of Si O2thickness in CMOS devices,and hence the exces-sive gate leakage.Hf O2 has emerged as one...     

Structural study of degraded ZnMgSSe blue light emitters

Using electroluminescence (EL) topography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we investigated the nonluminescent regions which form while current is being injected into ZnMgSSe/ZnSSe/ZnCdSe-based blue light emitters. Small dark spots were observed just after turn-on and spread out forming rough nonluminescent triangles in the <100> directions in the EL image of the active region. TEM studies showed that the small dark spots are pre-existing stacking faults originating at the substrate/epitaxial layer interface. The nonluminescent triangles were found to be a dense region of dislocation dipoles and dislocation loops. Each dipole was aligned along two <110> directions in the {111} planes. The Burgers vectors were of the type a/2<011> inclined at 45° to the (001) junction plane.     

生物酶降解聚合物钻井液

实验所用聚合物钻井液配方(质量分数,下同)为:OCMA黏土5%,两性离子聚合物增稠剂0.3%,两性离子聚合物降黏剂0.3%,低黏羧甲基纤维素钠0.8%,自来水93.6%。选用酰胺特异酶、纤维素酶和碱性蛋白酶对聚合物钻井液进行降解反应。结果表明,前2种酶对聚合物钻井液具有较好的降解作用,而后者对钻井液的降黏效果较差;3种酶在降解的同时不会引起钻井液滤失量的大幅增加;酰胺特异酶对聚合物钻井液的降解效果最好,其最佳实验条件为:温度50℃,pH值5~7,用量0.3%。     

Degradation of polymer electrolyte membranes

One of the predominant failure modes of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is the degradation of the PEM, especially when the fuel cell is used for transportation applications. Numerous studies have been carried out regarding this issue but many aspects of the degradation are not yet understood. This paper reviews the available literature regarding membrane degradation, and attempts to classify the degradation modes into three categories: mechanical, thermal and chemical/electrochemical. The factors that contribute to each mode are discussed, along with detailed mechanisms for some degradations. Some possible mitigation strategies are also explored.     

Degradation studies of transparent conducting oxide: a substrate for microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cells

Aluminium doped ZnO films have been developed by RF-magnetron sputtering at 350 °C substrate temperature on glass substrate and commercially available SnO₂-coated glass substrate. The developed ZnO and SnO₂/ZnO films can be used as the substrates of microcrystalline silicon based solar cell. The electrical, optical properties and surface morphologies of ZnO film and SnO₂/ZnO bi-layer films have been investigated and they are compared with the commercially available SnO_2-coated glass substrate. The resistivities of ZnO and SnO₂ films are comparable (10⁻⁴ Ω-cm). Surface morphologies of different transparent conducting oxide coated substrates before and after H-plasma exposure were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The optical transmission of ZnO, SnO₂/ZnO and SnO₂ films are comparable and varies from 85 to 90% in the visible region. The optical transmission reduces drastically to less than 20% in SnO₂ films and for ZnO film it remains almost unchanged after H-plasma exposure. For SnO₂/ZnO film transmission decreases slightly but remains considerably high (80%). The performance of microcrystalline silicon solar cells fabricated on different transparent conducting oxides as substrates (ZnO/glass, SnO₂/glass and ZnO/SnO₂/glass double layer) is investigated in detail.     

铁氮共掺杂制备TiO2及其蓝光下的光催化性能

用硝酸铁和盐酸羟胺分别作Fe源和N源,在TiO2溶胶中同时引入Fe和N,一步合成得到Fe、N共掺杂的纳米TiO2粉末。用XRD等技术研究了焙烧温度和N源量对其晶相结构的影响,并用低功率蓝光LED作光源测试其光催化性能。结果表明,400℃焙烧的Fe、N共掺杂TiO2粉末具有最好的催化性能,2h内对若丹明B的降解率达68.0%。增加N源量,有利于Fe在TiO2晶格中扩散,减小晶粒度;Fe、N共掺杂对TiO2的催化性能具有协同作用,其催化能力明显优于单掺杂样品;降解机理可能与紫外光源有所不同。