绿茶的微波杀青

以多酚氧化酶 (PPO)活性为指标对微波杀青工艺进行了初步研究 ,确定了微波杀青的最佳工艺条件 :投叶量 40g ,功率 72 9W ,杀青时间 180s。在该条件下多酚氧化酶几乎完全被钝化 ,且杀青叶呈浅黄绿色 ,柔软卷缩 ,有利于绿茶外形美观 ,香气的保持 ,达到了绿茶杀青的品质要求。     

氧化酶复合乳化剂在馒头中的应用研究

利用正交试验研究了氧化酶复合乳化剂对面团流变学特性和馒头质量的影响。确定了适量的葡萄糖氧化酶、抗坏血酸、硬酯酰乳酸钠一钙,增强了面粉的筋力,改善了馒头的内部组织结构、增大了体积、表面更光亮。     

氧化酶复合乳化剂在面条中的应用研究

利用正交试验研究了葡萄糖氧化酶、抗坏血酸和SSL-CSL对面团粉质特性和面条品质的影响。结果表明,葡萄糖氧化酶对面团稳定时间影响最大,SSL-CSL对面条的烹调性影响最大,其适宜的用量为葡萄糖氧化酶0.004%、SSL-CSL 0.5%、抗坏血酸0.008%。     

Scavenging effect of tea catechins and their epimers on superoxide anion radicals generated by a hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase system

Catechins are a major group of polyphenolic compounds contained in abundance in green tea. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy along with a spin‐trapping agent, the scavenging effect of tea catechins and their corresponding epimers against superoxide anion radicals generated by a hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction system was evaluated. The presence of 3′,4′,5′‐trihydroxyl groups attached to the B‐ring of the flavan skeleton of tea catechins elevated their radical‐scavenging efficiency in comparison to those with 3′,4′‐dihydroxyl groups. There were no significant differences between the four dominant tea catechins and their corresponding epimers with regard to radical‐scavenging ability. Under the different spin‐trapping agent concentrations, the sigmoid curves of reducing spin‐trapping adducts produced by tea catechins were shifted leftward, suggesting that a likely possible action of tea catechins is to scavenge superoxide anion radicals directly, not to inhibit the function of xanthine oxidase. Although caffeine is also known as a major ingredient of tea, its superoxide anion radical‐scavenging effect was much weaker than that of the catechin family. It is concluded that tea catechins and their epimers serve as powerful antioxidants for directly eliminating superoxide anion radicals, and may be useful in the prevention of diseases relating to in vivo oxidative stress. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

果酒中多酚氧化酶及其性质的研究

对山楂酒中含有的六种分子量不同的多酚在多酚氧化酶作用下,测定氧化前后其涩度的变化.发现多酚物质的氧化作用能够加重果酒的苦涩味.并对山楂中的多酚氧化酶进行提取,测定其基本特性,确定了底物、温度、pH值对其活性的影响,并进一步测定其酶动力学曲线,发现多酚氧化酶催化的最适温度是25℃,其最适pH是6.5,其作用的最适底物是儿茶酚,其米氏常数是1.077×10-2M.     

利用胆固醇氧化酶转化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮

用酶法催化氧化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮相对于化学法合成具有反应简单、成本较低等优点.作者探讨了在正辛烷作为有机相的两相反应体系中,以胆固醇氧化酶催化氧化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮的方法.在胆固醇质量浓度为40g/L,反应时间40min、反应温度40℃、磷酸缓冲液-正辛烷体积比32、通氧40L/h及搅拌转速300r/min下,胆固醇转化率达到92%,经薄板层析及紫外扫描,发现转化产物为单一的胆甾-4-烯-3-酮.     

Antibacterial Effect of Glucose Oxidase on Growth of Pseudomonas fragi as Related to pH

The effect of glucose oxidase (GOX) catalyzed reaction with glucose on Pseudomonas fragi was analyzed in nutrient broth and fish extract media. Growth of P. fiugi in nutrient broth was clearly suppressed by 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/mL glucose when combined with 0.5–2.0 U/mL GOX. The same GOX/glucose combinations inhibited P. frasi growth in fish extract media. Viable cell numbers in fish media showed clear growth inhibition with combinations of l.0–2.0 U/mL GOX and 8.0–16.0 mg/mL glucose. Higher GOX and glucose rapidly produced 2.0–2.5 unit decreases in pH, but produced enough gluconic acid to precipitate fish proteins. Use of 0.5 U/mL GOX in fish extract media resulted in slow, sustained activity with potential for inhibition of microbial growth in foods without excessive acidity.     

A mutation in the COX5 gene of the yeast Scheffersomyces stipitis alters utilization of amino acids as carbon source, ethanol formation and activity of cyanide insensitive respiration

Scheffersomyces stipitis PJH was mutagenized by random integrative mutagenesis and the integrants were screened for lacking the ability to grow with glutamate as sole carbon source. One of the two isolated mutants was damaged in the COX5 gene, which encodes a subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase. BLAST searches in the genome of Sc. stipitis revealed that only one singular COX5 gene exists in Sc. stipitis, in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where two homologous genes are present. Mutant cells had lost the ability to grow with the amino acids glutamate, proline or aspartate and other non-fermentable carbon sources, such as acetic acid and ethanol, as sole carbon sources. Biomass formation of the mutant cells in medium containing glucose or xylose as carbon source was lower compared with the wild-type cells. However, yields and specific ethanol formation of the mutant were much higher, especially under conditions of higher aeration. The mutant cells lacked both cytochrome c oxidase activity and cyanide-sensitive respiration, whereas ADH and PDC activities were distinctly enhanced. SHAM-sensitive respiration was obviously essential for the fermentative metabolism, because SHAM completely abolished growth of the mutant cells with both glucose or xylose as carbon source.     

响应面分析法优化甘薯的抗褐变工艺

利用响应面分析法优化甘薯加工过程抗褐变工艺.在单因素实验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman方法对影响PPO各因素的效应进行评价,筛选出有显著效应的3个因素:热烫温度、Vc、pH.根据中心组合Box-Benhnken实验设计采用3因素水平的响应面分析法,以PPO吸光值为响应值建立二次回归方程,通过响应面分析得到优...     

葡萄糖氧化酶的研究进展

葡萄糖氧化酶是一种需氧脱氢酶,对人体无毒、副作用,能利用氧将葡萄糖氧化成葡萄糖酸而有效除氧,因而广泛用于抗氧化剂、葡萄糖酸、尿糖试纸和生物传感器的生产。本文综述了葡萄糖氧化酶的研究进展。