A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of 25 anti-hypertensive compounds in dietary supplements using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography

A novel, stable, simple and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography method with ultraviolet detection (205 nm) for the simultaneous analysis of 25 anti-hypertensive substances was developed. The method was validated according to the International Conference of Harmonisation guidelines with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and stability. From the ultra-performance liquid chromatography results, we identified the LOD and LOQ of solid samples to be 0.20–1.00 and 0.60–3.00 μg ml^?1, respectively, while those of liquid samples were 0.30–1.20 and 0.90–3.60 μg ml^?1, respectively. The linearity exceeded 0.9999, and the intra- and inter-day precisions were 0.15–6.48% and 0.28–8.67%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were 82.25–111.42% and 80.70–115.64%, respectively, and the stability was lower than 12.9% (relative standard deviation). This method was applied to the monitoring of 97 commercially available dietary supplements obtained in Korea, such as pills, soft capsules, hard capsules, liquids, powders and tablets. The proposed method is accurate, precise and of high quality, and can be used for the routine, reproducible analysis and control of 25 anti-hypertensive substances in various dietary supplements. The work presented herein may help to prevent incidents related to food adulteration and restrict the illegal food market.     

金针菇菇脚可溶性膳食纤维提取工艺研究

采用碱性提取法从金针菇菇脚中制备可溶性膳食纤维,通过对液料比、碱液浓度、提取温度、提取时间及提取次数进行单因素实验,利用正交实验设计确定了最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明:可溶性膳食纤维最佳提取工艺条件为,液料比30∶1mL/g、NaOH质量浓度0.5g/100mL、提取温度50℃、提取时间1h、提取次数2次,提取率为11.4%,所得膳食纤维的持水力为1.495g/g,溶胀性为55.55mL/g。     

泛硫乙胺作为膳食补充剂的应用

泛硫乙胺是VB5的生物活性形式,它作为膳食补充剂在美国已得到广泛的应用。文中介绍了泛硫乙胺的历史、代谢机理、主要功能、副作用和目前应用情况,最后对其前景作了展望。     

Influence of the dehydration process on active compounds of okara during its fractionation

Okara (residue of the soymilk manufacture) is rich in proteins, fibres and lipids. It also contains isoflavones that possess health‐promoting properties. A new method has been developed for the valorization of fibres from okara by hydrolysis of insoluble proteins with a protease and removal of the oil. Three different processes were investigated: the first one involved delipidation and drying prior to proteolysis and led to the highest content of fibre (80%) in the final product. The second used proteolysis on crude okara followed by solvent delipidation–dehydration and gave an intermediate content of fibre (75%). The last process was totally enzymatic (proteolysis and lipolysis) and gave the lowest content of fibre in the final product (50%). Fibre water‐holding capacity was correlated to the total dietary fibre content of each sample. It was preferable to use crude okara for hydrolysis, since oven‐drying during the process decreased the water‐holding capacity and modified the isoflavone profile of okara. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of pineapple pomace fibre on physicochemical properties of composite flour and dough,and consumer acceptance of fibre‐enriched wheat bread

Pineapple pomace fibre (PF, containing 70.2% total dietary fibre) can be added to increase dietary fibre of wheat bread. This study was performed to evaluate effects of PF added at 0, 5 or 10% (wheat flour‐basis) on physicochemical properties of the composite flour (wheat flour as the control, CPF‐5 and CPF‐10, respectively) and its dough, to evaluate consumer acceptance of CPF breads and to identify factors affecting willingness to purchase of CPF breads. Incorporating PF affected rheological and pasting properties of CPF. Water‐ and oil‐holding capacity of CPF increased (P < 0.05) as PF levels increased. Bread made with CPF‐5 was more acceptable than that with CPF‐10; however, it was not significantly different from the control, having similar specific volume and texture, but having about three times higher total dietary fibre than the control (4.4% vs. 1.5%). Product label and health benefit information potentially affected consumers' willingness to purchase of fibre‐enriched bread.     

Hay to reduce dietary cation-anion difference for dry dairy cows

Timothy grass has a lower dietary cation-anion difference [DCAD = (Na + K) - (Cl + S)] than other cool-season grass species. Growing timothy on low-K soils and fertilizing it with CaCl₂ could further decrease its DCAD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding low-DCAD timothy hay on dry dairy cows. Six nonpregnant and nonlactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. Treatments were as follows: 1) control diet (control; DCAD = 296 mEq/kg of dry matter); 2) low-DCAD diet based on low-DCAD timothy hay (L-HAY; DCAD = - 24 mEq/kg of dry matter); and 3) low-DCAD diet using HCl (L-HCl; DCAD = - 19 mEq/kg of dry matter). Decreasing DCAD with L-HAY had no effect on dry matter intake (11.8 kg/d) or dry matter digestibility (71.5%). Urine pH decreased from 8.21 to 5.89 when L-HAY was fed instead of the control. Blood parameters that decreased with L-HAY were base excess (− 0.4 vs. 3.8 mM) and HCO₃⁻ (23 vs. 27 mM), and blood parameters that increased were Ca²⁺ (5.3 vs. 5.1 mg/dL), Cl⁻ (30.5 vs. 29.5 mg/dL), and Na⁺ (60.8 vs. 60.1 mg/dL). Compared with the control, L-HAY resulted in more Ca in urine (13.4 vs. 1.2 g/d). Comparing L-HAY with L-HCl, cow dry matter intake tended to be higher (11.5 vs. 9.8 kg/d), and blood pH was higher (7.37 vs. 7.31). Urine pH; total dry matter; Ca, K, P, and Mg apparent absorption; and Ca, K, Na, Cl, S, P, and Mg apparent retention were similar. Absorption as a percentage of intake of Na and Cl was lower for L-HAY as compared with L-HCl. In an EDTA-challenge test, cows fed L-HAY regained their initial level of blood Ca²⁺ twice as quickly as the control treatment (339 vs. 708 min); there were no differences between L-HAY and L-HCl. This experiment confirms that feeding low-DCAD hay is an effective means of decreasing the DCAD of rations and obtaining a metabolic response in dry dairy cows.     

食品非营养成分发挥生物学作用的信号通路

来自饮食和药用植物的天然植物非营养成分(Phc)具有重要的健康保护和临床应用潜力,这已经得到了全世界的密切关注。主要来自果蔬的植物非营养成分是功能性食品的重要来源,而植物非营养成分已经证明在健康保护、抗癌、防癌,特别是预防现代文明病方面表现出巨大的应用潜力。研究证明,Phc 可以上调表达抗化作用的酶类,促进癌症和突变细胞凋亡、调节,特别是下调免疫应答,改变细胞相Ⅰ和相Ⅱ酶的表达,改变细胞因子网络,从而发挥重要的防病治病作用。大量研究表明,Phc 通过和受体相互作用向机体、组织和细胞传递信号。其信号途径主要涉及：丝裂原- 活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)、磷酸肌醇3 激酶(PI3K)、Toll 样受体(TLRs)、异常环氧酶-2(COX-2)、活化因子蛋白-1(AP-1)、核因子κB(NF-κB)等。其中,尤其是NF-κB 与AP-1 直接和炎症、免疫调节和癌症相联系。细胞信号的级联放大作用及不同信号途径之间的交谈和相互作用构成了一个非常复杂的调控网络。MAPK 途径异常,或者其下游转录因子的异常都会造成细胞的异常增殖、免疫功能过头、慢性炎症性疾病、现代文明病和细胞恶性转化。因此,抑制这些信号途径可以提供一个避免现代文明病、各种慢性病和癌症的有效战略。本文就这些信号途径进行综述,并提出自己的观点。     

高压均质和胶体磨改性对油橄榄果渣水不溶性膳食纤维性能的影响

采用高压均质和胶体磨改性处理油橄榄果渣水不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),比较改性前后IDF的微观形态、粒径分布、官能团组成及结晶结构,并测定分析其理化性质。结果表明:高压均质IDF的结构疏松,有较多的裂缝和空腔,平均粒径为66.97μm。胶体磨IDF的结构疏松,且部分出现断裂和破碎,平均粒径为79.52μm。高压均质和胶体磨改性处理均对IDF的官能团无影响,都具有糖类的特征吸收峰;对IDF的结晶结构和结晶度无影响,仍表现出纤维素I型的特征衍射峰。与未处理的IDF相比,高压均质IDF的持水力、膨胀力和持油力分别提高31.70%,78.87%,38.92%,对NO_2~-的吸附能力并无明显增加,对Cd~(2+)的吸附能力提高7.53%。胶体磨IDF的持水力、膨胀力和持油力分别提高19.93%,47.94%,32.97%,对NO_2~-的吸附能力增加8.20%,对Cd~(2+)的吸附能力并无明显增加。     

豌豆超微粉碎膳食纤维对糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群及其代谢产物的影响

目的：研究豌豆超微粉碎膳食纤维（ultrafine ground pea dietary fiber,UGPDF）对糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群及其代谢产物的影响,从而揭示其降血糖的作用机制。方法：通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病小鼠模型,用二甲双胍和高剂量（0.9 g/（mL·d））、低剂量（0.45 g/（mL·d））UGPDF分别灌胃干预4 周,测定小鼠血糖浓度、观察肝脏细胞形态变化,Western blot检测小鼠肝脏中磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶（phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase,PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,AKT）/类胰岛素生长因子（insulin-like growth factors,IGF）蛋白表达水平,高通量测序分析各组小鼠粪便中的肠道菌群组成。结果：UGPDF能够调节糖尿病小鼠的肠道菌群丰度及多样性,高剂量UGPDF组操作分类单元（operational taxonomic units,OTU）数达300±36,其Shannon、Simpson指数与糖尿病小鼠存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。在肠道菌群组成中,与模型组相比,UGPDF干预后,Lactobacillus、Lachnospiraceae有益菌相对丰度显著上升（P＜0.05）,Helicobacter、Klebsiella、Clostridium致病菌相对丰度显著下降（P＜0.05）。从代谢产物来看,与模型组相比,经过UGPDF干预后,小鼠粪便内的6 种短链脂肪酸含量总体显著升高（P＜0.05）,其中以高剂量组效果最为显著,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸含量分别提高了63.7%、75.9%和96.0%,且接近正常对照组。同时,肝脏组织切片及Western blot检测结果表明UGPDF可调节糖尿病小鼠肝脏PI3K/AKT/IGF信号通路,修复肝细胞损伤,提高胰岛素敏感性。本实验可为豌豆膳食纤维的高值化利用拓宽思路,并补充完善其降血糖理论。