2_8MW热水链条锅炉改烧水煤浆燃烧试验分析

水煤浆是新型洁净燃料,有着很好的应用前景。在山东新汶矿业集团中心医院2．8MW热水锅炉改烧水煤浆的工业应用中,锅炉燃烧稳定,燃烧效率高,低负荷稳燃能力良好。本文对水煤浆在炉内燃烧过程,火焰中心,火炬长度,结渣特性等进行了分析。     

改性高岭土抑爆剂对瓦斯煤尘复合爆炸压力的影响

瓦斯煤尘复合爆炸严重影响了煤矿的安全生产,造成了大量的生产损失与人员伤亡。研发能应用在煤矿中高湿低温等复杂环境中的抑爆剂成为了研究的难点与热点。为研发出新型改性高岭土瓦斯煤尘抑爆剂,通过插层改性的方法制备了3种改性高岭土抑爆剂,采用热重分析、扫描电镜和红外光谱分析对样品的热稳定性、表面结构以及官能团变化进行了研究。选用重庆南桐煤样,通过标准筛对煤样进行筛分,通过粒径扫描与扫描电镜观测了煤粉的粒径分布与表面形貌。使用20 L球型爆炸系统对抑制剂抑制瓦斯煤尘爆炸的特性进行了研究,探究改性后高岭土对爆炸最大压力、最大压力上升速率及爆炸峰值时间等爆炸特征参数的影响;基于粉体表征结果及抑爆数据对改性高岭土抑制作用下的瓦斯煤尘爆炸的抑爆机理进行了分析。结果表明:改性高岭土抑爆剂兼具高岭土及插层粒子的双重抑爆效果,改善了高岭土的团聚现象,同时氨基磺酸铵粒子提升了高岭土的热解与抑爆性能。对瓦斯煤尘复合爆炸的抑制性能明显优于改性前粉体,且抑爆效果随着抑制剂质量浓度增加而增大,存在临界质量浓度,试验表明,当改性高岭土与煤尘比例为2∶3,且质量浓度为0.175 g/L时,最大爆炸压力的降幅达到了32.6%,爆炸峰值时间延缓了0.45 s,展现出最佳的抑爆效果。     

Durability studies of surface-modified coir geotextiles

Coir (Cocos nucifera) is a natural fibre known to retain its strength and resist biodegradation far better than other industrial natural fibres. However, systematic studies in this discipline are scarce. Geotextiles are usually exposed to diverse pH, salinity, moisture, and microbial association conditions. In the present work, specific surface modifications of coir geotextiles using a natural agent (cashew nut shell liquid) have been carried out to enhance their long-term performance depending on the end applications. The modified and unmodified geotextiles were subjected to acidic, alkaline, and neutral pH conditions, saline conditions, alternate wetting and drying cycles, and thermal cycles for the assessment of their durability, measured in terms of tensile strength. In situ soil burial studies in a tropical climate were conducted in specially prepared soil to follow the biodegradation behaviour of geotextiles at various depths. The surface-modified geotextiles were found to resist adverse chemical, physical, and biological conditions much better than the unmodified geotextiles. Alkaline conditions marginally accelerated the degradation rates when compared to acidic environments. The saline conditions, as well as alternate wetting and drying conditions, resulted in marginal loss of tensile strength (<7%). The surface-modified geotextiles buried within lower depths of soil under field conditions retained 70–80% of their initial tensile strength after 12 months, whereas the unmodified geotextiles lost 88% strength in four months. The positive impact of surface modification on durability is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results indicate the excellent potential of suitably surface-modified coir geotextiles for long-term use in adverse conditions.     

蔓越莓中膳食纤维的结构性质和功能性质研究

目的 考察蔓越莓中膳食纤维的结构性质和功能性质。方法 利用酶解法提取蔓越莓总膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维和可溶性膳食纤维, 并采用红外光谱和高效液相色谱测定其官能团结构和分子量, 采用质构仪和粘度计测定其凝胶性质和粘度, 同时对膳食纤维吸附亚硝酸根离子、交换阳离子、胆固醇、重金属和葡萄糖的能力进行研究。结果 总膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维的提取率较高, 分别为54.67%和38.70%, 膳食纤维具有凝胶和粘度的性质, 同时在功能上有吸附亚硝酸根离子, 交换阳离子, 吸收胆固醇, 重金属离子和葡萄糖的性能。结论 蔓越莓膳食纤维具有特殊的结构性质和很好的功能活性, 可以开发蔓越莓新功能食品。     

Physicochemical properties of pine-derived bio-chars modified by metal oxides and their performance in the removal of NO

Pine-derived bio-chars have been prepared at different temperatures with and without KOH chemical activation. Three metal oxides (V₂O₅, MnO and CuO) were loaded on this chars by incipient-wetness impregnation method respectively. Pine wood pellets were characterized by thermogravimetric, and pine-chars samples were characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD, N₂ physisorption and FTIR. Activity test for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ was also carried out in dry simulated flue gas at fixed temperature 160 °C. The results show that pretreatment with KOH and carbonization at 600 °C seems to be the best method for pine-chars preparation. Active metal oxides are well distributed on the surface of carbon support and are partly reduced by carbon during preparation. The mesopores disappear in V- and Mn-containing samples, and V-addition could decrease the amount of micropores as well. At the fixed temperature 160 °C, the active metal oxides have an order of CuO > V₂O₅ >> MnO_x >> Non-modified sample on the NO reduction activity. Pine-chars modified by CuO seems to be the best option in this research.     

Altering the ratio of dietary palmitic,stearic, and oleic acids in diets with or without whole cottonseed affects nutrient digestibility,energy partitioning,and production responses of dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying the ratio of dietary palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), and oleic (cis-9 C18:1) acids in basal diets containing soyhulls or whole cottonseed on nutrient digestibility, energy partitioning, and production response of lactating dairy cows. Twenty-four mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows were used in a split-plot Latin square design. Cows were allocated to a main plot receiving either a basal diet with soyhulls (SH, n = 12) or a basal diet with whole cottonseed (CS, n = 12) that was fed throughout the experiment. Within each plot a 4 × 4 Latin square arrangement of treatments was used in 4 consecutive 21-d periods. Treatments were (1) control (CON; no supplemental fat), (2) high C16:0 supplement [PA; fatty acid (FA) supplement blend provided ～80% C16:0], (3) C16:0 and C18:0 supplement (PA+SA; FA supplement blend provided ～40% C16:0 + ～40% C18:0), and (4) C16:0 and cis-9 C18:1 supplement (PA+OA; FA supplement blend provided ～45% C16:0 + ～35% cis-9 C18:1). Interactions between basal diets and FA treatments were observed for dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield. Among the SH diets, PA and PA+SA increased DMI compared with CON and PA+OA treatments, whereas in the CS diets PA+OA decreased DMI compared with CON. The PA, PA+SA, and PA+OA treatments increased milk yield compared with CON in the SH diets. The CS diets increased milk fat yield compared with the SH diets due to the greater yield of de novo and preformed milk FA. The PA treatment increased milk fat yield compared with CON, PA+SA, and PA+OA due to the greater yield of mixed-source (16-carbon) milk FA. The PA treatment increased 3.5% fat-corrected milk compared with CON and tended to increase it compared with PA+SA and PA+OA. The CS diets increased body weight (BW) change compared with the SH diets. Additionally, PA+OA tended to increase BW change compared with CON and PA and increased it in comparison with PA+SA. The PA and PA+OA treatments increased dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared with PA+SA and tended to increase them compared with CON. The PA+SA treatment reduced 16-carbon, 18-carbon, and total FA digestibility compared with the other treatments. The CS diets increased energy partitioning toward body reserves compared with the SH diets. The PA treatment increased energy partitioning toward milk compared with CON and PA+OA and tended to increase it compared with PA+SA. In contrast, PA+OA increased energy partitioned to body reserves compared with PA and PA+SA and tended to increase it compared with CON. In conclusion, milk yield responses to different combinations of FA were affected by the addition of whole cottonseed in the diet. Among the combinations of C16:0, C18:0, and cis-9 C18:1 evaluated, fat supplements with more C16:0 increased energy output in milk, whereas fat supplements with more cis-9 C18:1 increased energy storage in BW. The combination of C16:0 and C18:0 reduced nutrient digestibility, which most likely explains the lower performance observed compared with other treatments.     

Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on characteristic and antioxidant properties of soybean protein isolate-maltodextrin conjugates

This study aimed to investigate the effect of limited hydrolysis on conformational and antioxidant properties of soy protein isolate-maltodextrin (SPI-Md) conjugates. Extrinsic fluorescence analysis showed unfolding of the protein molecule and exposure of hydrophobic groups in SPI-Md conjugate hydrolysates. Free amino acid analysis showed that, the contents of hydrophobic amino acids in SPI-Md conjugates increased after hydrolysis. The contents of leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine increased from 0.32, 0.30 and 0.54 to 1.36, 1.86 and 2.60, respectively, when the hydrolysis degree (DH) gradually increased from 0% to 5.7%. The FT-IR spectrum showed that C = O absorption of the amide group formed by glycosylation continued unabated after limited hydrolysis (DH 2.9%). The glycated SPI products showed good reducing power and superior resistance to lipid oxidation (34%, 12 mg mL^?1), whereas the limit hydrolysates (DH 2.9%) of SPI-Md conjugates showed more ef?cient radical-scavenging capacity (89.5%, at 12 mg mL^?1) and iron-chelation activity (91.3%, at 12 mg mL^?1). Results of this study indicated that, slight enzymatic hydrolysis (DH 0–2.9%) could help partially unfolding the globular structure of SPI-Md conjugates without deteriorating amide bonds and had a positive effect on their antioxidant properties.