红外焙炒对菜籽油风味的影响机制

在不同温度（90、110、130、150、170 ℃）下红外焙炒油菜籽,经液压压榨制备菜籽油,通过油脂氧化、硫苷化合物降解反应和美拉德反应研究红外焙炒对菜籽油风味的影响机制,并与传统炒籽（170 ℃）进行比较。结果表明,红外焙炒的菜籽油较传统炒籽的菜籽油风味有显著改善,油脂味和辛辣刺激味较后者更轻,而烤香味相对更浓,同时多环芳烃种类和含量也较少。对冷榨菜籽油（由未经任何处理的油菜籽压榨制得）加热3 h,油脂热降解的标志性化合物（E,E）-2,4-庚二烯醛和（E,E）-2,4-癸二烯醛的含量分别增加3.86倍和6.28倍。随着焙炒温度的升高,红外焙炒处理的脱脂油菜籽中硫苷化合物含量从30.73 mg/kg减少至15.23 mg/kg,游离氨基酸总量从未处理的25.61 mg/100 g减少至15.82 mg/100 g,还原糖含量从7.61 mg/g减少至2.29 mg/g。红外焙炒对菜籽油风味的影响机制主要为不饱和脂肪酸降解成为中短链醛与烯醛类化合物,硫苷化合物降解生成异硫氰酸和腈类化合物,以及美拉德反应生成吡嗪、呋喃类化合物。     

超细旦涤纶与棉、汉麻等异经异纬提花织物的开发

探讨了超细旦涤纶与棉、汉麻等异经异纬提花织物生产技术的要点。通过对该面料的织物风格以及生产难点进行分析,选择合理的工艺流程,优化整经、浆纱织造等工序的工艺参数。面料具有特殊的条形结构,风格独特,为高档服装面料的开发及生产提供参考。     

基于味觉特征的棕榈油产地甄别技术研究

通过常规理化指标和现代电子舌味觉指纹分析技术甄别来自5种不同产地的棕榈油。结果显示:通过传统的常规理化指标不能有效区分不同产地的棕榈油;通过使用电子舌味觉指纹分析技术及主成分和判别因子数据分析,优化传感器后识别指数为95分(满分100分),验证得分为100分(满分100分);通过5种不同产地棕榈油样品之间的相似性分析也发现,绝大部分的指纹分辨指数高于98%。研究表明,通过电子舌味觉指纹分析技术可有效定性检测和甄别不同产地的棕榈油。     

产气荚膜梭菌磷脂酶C的重组表达及其脱胶应用

将产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)磷脂酶C(Cp-PLC)基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行了重组表达,并对重组Cp-PLC表达条件进行了优化。结果表明:当菌体生长至OD600为1.0时,添加8 g/L乳糖在30℃下诱导32 h,得到的重组Cp-PLC的酶活最大,为398.35 U/mL;重组Cp-PLC用于菜籽毛油脱胶的最佳条件为温度57℃、pH 5.0、加酶量600 U/kg、反应时间1.5 h;在最佳条件下,菜籽毛油的磷含量可降至5.66 mg/kg,能够满足物理精炼的要求。     

响应面法优化水提菜籽多糖工艺

研究了从菜籽粕中水提菜籽多糖的工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,以提取温度、提取时间与料液比为因素,以菜籽多糖得率为指标,采用响应面法优化菜籽多糖的提取工艺。结果表明:在提取温度80℃、提取时间3.4 h、料液比1∶34、提取1次的条件下,菜籽多糖得率为2.09%。     

不同地区茶叶籽油活性成分的比较分析

对浙江、云南、四川、江苏、湖南、湖北、福建、河南、贵州9个地区的茶叶籽油活性成分进行比较分析。结果表明,茶叶籽油中总酚含量以四川、贵州和云南最为突出,在900 mg/kg以上,其他地区差异不显著(400~660 mg/kg);VE含量以四川茶叶籽油最高,可达68.55 mg/100 g,而江苏茶叶籽油中生理活性最强的α-VE含量(31.94 mg/100 g)最多;角鲨烯、三萜类物质羽扇豆醇与4种甾醇类物质(菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、羊毛甾醇和谷甾醇)在所有地区茶叶籽油中均被检出;除湖南、湖北、福建外,其他几个地区茶叶籽油中都含有β-香树脂醇;此外,在所有地区的茶叶籽油中都检出1种类胡萝卜素——虾青素;四川和贵州的茶叶籽油中总甾醇含量最多,分别为5 710.4 mg/kg和5 539.3 mg/kg。综合分析,四川、贵州的茶叶籽油中活性成分含量最高,品质最好。     

白坯仿牛仔面料的纺织工艺和产品开发

文章介绍了一种采用不同性质的双根粗纱生产涤棉竹节纱的方法,并利用生产的竹节纱织造白坯布,在染色时根据涤纶和棉纤维的染色不同性,染棉不染涤。最终获得仿牛仔风格的面料,而且缩短了工艺流程,降低了生产成本。     

Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040) Implementation in Foods of Animal and Plant Origin: Review

The importance of environmental protection has been recently upgraded due to the continuously increasing environmental pollution load. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), wellknown as ISO 14040, has been repeatedly shown to be a useful and powerful tool for assessing the environmental performance of industrial processes, both in the European and American continents as well as in many Asian countries (such as Japan and China). To the best of our knowledge, almost no information is provided in relation to LCA implementation in Africa apart from an article related to Egypt. Although food industries are not considered to be among the most heavily polluting ones, for some like olive oil, wine, dairy, and meat processing, their impact on the environment is a heavy burden. The introduction of LCA aimed at identifying both inputs and outputs to find out which are the most detrimental to the environment in terms of water/energy consumption and solid/liquid and gas releases. In this review, a thorough coverage of literature was made in an attempt to compare the implementation of LCA to a variety of products of both plant and animal origin. It was concluded that there is a high number of subsystems suggested for the same product, thereby, occasionally leading to confusion. An idea toward solving the problem is to proceed to some sort of standardization by means of several generic case studies of LCA implementation, similarly to what had happened in the case of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) implementation in the United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, and other countries.     

小曲清香白酒蒸馏过程不同馏分风味物质变化规律研究

为了解小曲清香不同馏分原酒中各风味组分的馏出规律以及与酒精度间的相关性,以机械化酿造的18个不同馏分的小曲清香原酒为研究对象,采用气相色谱法（GC）对样品风味物质进行定性定量分析,并进行主成分分析（PCA）、层次聚类分析（HCA）、Person相关性分析。主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分累计方差贡献率达76.08%,主成分散点图中不同馏分酒可有效聚类;聚类分析结果显示,当标度距离为8.0,可将18个馏分酒有效类别为四大类;Person相关性分析结果显示,主成分（PC）1与酒精度呈极显著相关（P＜0.01）。结合3种分析结果,总结各风味组分馏出规律,可将小曲清香白酒馏酒过程分为四段取酒,头酒段（1～2馏分）、中前段（3～13馏分或3～12馏分）、中后段（14～16馏分或13～16馏分）、尾段（17～18馏分）。     

Characterization of Swiss vineyards using isotopic data in combination with trace elements and classical parameters

The objective of this work was to study methods to check the geographical origin of Swiss wines. Authentic grape samples from the vintages 2000 and 2001 were collected in representative locations, and the wines produced from these samples were subjected to isotopic (²H/¹H_ethanol; ¹⁸O/¹⁶O_{wine water}), elemental (Mn, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, Rb, Sr, Zn) and FT-IR (ethanol, pH, total acidity, volatile acidity, malic acid, fructose, tartaric acid, lactic acid, succinate, citric acid, glycerol, 2,3-butandiol, dry matter and relative density (d₂₀)) analyses. The results showed that the variables ¹⁸O/¹⁶O_{wine water}, strontium, rubidium, and ethanol%, when considered in a monovariate approach, allowed the best discrimination of the geographical origins of Swiss wines. By using a combination of all variables (multivariate approach), Switzerland was divided in four main production zones with a separation power that has never before been achieved. These zones were defined as Tessin, Valais, Romandie and Alemanique. A fifth zone (Graubünden) could be evidenced in vintage 2001.