药物缓释材料聚磷酸酯-聚乳酸的直接熔融聚合法合成工艺研究

以外消旋乳酸(D,L-LA)、乙二醇和二氯磷酸苯酯为原料,通过熔融聚合法直接合成生物降解材料聚磷酸酯-聚乳酸,用凝胶渗透色谱测定产物的相对分子质量,探讨了预聚方式、催化剂种类和用量,以及熔融聚合反应时间、反应温度对共聚物相对分子质量的影响.在160℃、70Pa、催化剂ZnO的用量0.5%的条件下熔融聚合8h,共聚物的重均分子量可达9200,可以用于药物缓释微球.新合成方法有利于降低聚磷酸酯-聚乳酸作为药物缓释载体材料的合成成本.     

Occurrence of priority organic pollutants in the fertilizers, China

The use of large quantities of chemical fertilizers is usually associated with environmental problems. A lot of work has been done on the concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in chemical fertilizers, but little work has focused on the occurrence of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). In this study the occurrence of 43 SVOCs listed as priority pollutants in 22 widely used-fertilizers of China was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Twenty-six SVOCs were detected with different detection frequencies and concentrations. The most abundant compounds were phthalic acid esters (PAEs; ranging from 1.17 to 2795 microg kg(-1) dry weight, d.w.) and nitroaromatics (up to 9765 microg kg(-1) d.w.), followed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; <140 microg kg(-1) d.w.) and halogenated hydrocarbons (<900 microg kg(-1) d.w.). Chlorobenzenes and haloethers occurred generally at low concentrations. There are large variations in concentrations of various compounds in different fertilizers, and the total concentrations of each class of contaminants varied widely, too. The highest levels of sum concentration for 16 PAHs, for 6 PAEs and for nitroaromatics were found in organic fertilizer containing pesticide and soil amendments. Concentrations of SVOCs in coated fertilizers (the controlled release fertilizer with coating) were considerably higher than those in the corresponding fertilizers without coating. The occurrence frequencies of SVOCs in the straight fertilizers (containing only one of the major plant nutrients) were lower than in the other fertilizers.     

GC-MS法同时测定橡皮擦中22种邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂

建立了气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分段选择离子监测(SIM)模式分析同时测定橡皮擦中22种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)增塑剂含量的方法。该方法具有良好线性,相关系数R均大于0.999,检测限在1.3 mg/kg～128.9 mg/kg之间,平均回收率在70.2%～105.6%,相对标准偏差在2.57%～9.88%之间。通过该方法对国内橡皮擦中PAEs增塑剂进行检测,实际样品均检出邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(DEHP),含量最高达32.5%。     

分离膜中的新成员——纳滤膜及其在制药工业中的应用

介绍了“纳滤膜”名称的由来，该膜的分离机理和性能，简述了纳滤技术在发酵医药产品生产中液体分离方面的几例应用     

地下煤制气制取液化天然气和液氢工艺研究

目的脱除地下煤制气中的酸气,将地下煤制气中的CH₄和H₂分离出来并液化。 方法对常见的分离方法进行对比,确定采用低温精馏法对煤制气进行脱酸气、分离CH₄和H₂并液化。根据低温精馏法的原理,设计了一种全新的地下煤制气脱酸气、分离CH₄和H₂并液化的工艺流程,该工艺主要由两个精馏塔、一个两相分离器和三级氦膨胀制冷系统组成。同时利用HYSYS软件对其进行模拟分析,确定最优参数。 结果该工艺可以将地下煤制气中CO₂的摩尔分数脱除到0,H₂S的摩尔分数脱除到3.65×10-14,满足处理要求。同时可以实现CH₄回收率为99.97%,加压液化天然气(PLNG)的摩尔分数为99.97%,H₂的回收率为98.30%,液氢(LH₂)的摩尔分数为99.99%。 结论该工艺可以有效利用地下煤制气制取PLNG和LH₂,且所需能耗较传统工艺能耗降低了11.64％,具有较高的经济效益。      

SK119, a Novel Shikonin Derivative,Leads to Apoptosis in Melanoma Cell Lines and Exhibits Synergistic Effects with Vemurafenib and Cobimetinib

Melanoma is a complex and heterogenous disease, displays the deadliest form of skin cancer, and accounts for approx. 80% of all skin cancer deaths. In this study, we reported on the synthesis and pharmacological effects of a novel shikonin derivative (SK119), which is active in a nano-molar range and exhibits several promising in vitro effects in different human melanoma cells. SK119 was synthesized from shikonin as part of our search for novel, promising shikonin derivatives. It was screened against a panel of melanoma and non-tumorigenic cell lines using XTT viability assays. Moreover, we studied its pharmacological effects using apoptosis and Western blot experiments. Finally, it was combined with current clinically used melanoma therapeutics. SK119 exhibited IC₅₀ values in a nano-molar range, induced apoptosis and led to a dose-dependent increase in the expression and protein phosphorylation of HSP27 and HSP90 in WM9 and MUG-Mel 2 cells. Combinatorial treatment, which is highly recommended in melanoma, revealed the synergistic effects of SK119 with vemurafenib and cobimetinib. SK119 treatment changed the expression levels of apoptosis genes and death receptor expression and exhibited synergistic effects with vemurafenib and cobimetinib in human melanoma cells. Further research indicates a promising potential in melanoma therapy.     

聚乳酸纤维仿毛织物的染整工艺研究

由于聚乳酸纤维属于脂肪族聚酯,具有与PET相同疏水性及熔点较低、不耐高温和强碱的特点,因此采用低碱退浆、分散染料染色的染整工艺.文章介绍了实验材料聚乳酸纤维(PLA)仿毛机织物的烧毛、退浆、练漂、热定形、染色的工艺参数和染整加工中的加工要点及注意事项,着重分析了pH值、染色时间、染色温度对上染率的影响,并得出最佳的染色工艺参数:染色pH值5,温度110℃,时间35 min.     

Roles of the Unsaturated Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Central Nervous System: Molecular and Cellular Insights

Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of the central nervous system (CNS), where they exert multiple roles in health and disease. Among the FAs, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been widely recognized as a key molecule for neuronal function and cell signaling. Despite its relevance, the molecular pathways underlying the beneficial effects of DHA on the cells of the CNS are still unclear. Here, we summarize and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of DHA in neural cells with a special focus on processes of survival, morphological development, and synaptic maturation. In addition, we examine the evidence supporting a potential therapeutic role of DHA against CNS tumor diseases and tumorigenesis. The current results suggest that DHA exerts its actions on neural cells mainly through the modulation of signaling cascades involving the activation of diverse types of receptors. In addition, we found evidence connecting brain DHA and ω-3 PUFA levels with CNS diseases, such as depression, autism spectrum disorders, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the context of cancer, the existing data have shown that DHA exerts positive actions as a coadjuvant in antitumoral therapy. Although many questions in the field remain only partially resolved, we hope that future research may soon define specific pathways and receptor systems involved in the beneficial effects of DHA in cells of the CNS, opening new avenues for innovative therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases.     

The Cytoskeletal Protein Zyxin Inhibits Retinoic Acid Signaling by Destabilizing the Maternal mRNA of the RXRγ Nuclear Receptor

Zyxin is an LIM-domain-containing protein that regulates the assembly of F-actin filaments in cell contacts. Additionally, as a result of mechanical stress, Zyxin can enter nuclei and regulate gene expression. Previously, we found that Zyxin could affect mRNA stability of the maternally derived stemness factors of Pou5f3 family in Xenopus laevis embryos through binding to Y-box factor1. In the present work, we demonstrate that Zyxin can also affect mRNA stability of the maternally derived retinoid receptor Rxrγ through the same mechanism. Moreover, we confirmed the functional link between Zyxin and Rxrγ-dependent gene expression. As a result, Zyxin appears to play an essential role in the regulation of the retinoic acid signal pathway during early embryonic development. Besides, our research indicates that the mechanism based on the mRNA destabilization by Zyxin may take part in the control of the expression of a fairly wide range of maternal genes.