Techno-economic feasibility of power to gas–oxy-fuel boiler hybrid system under uncertainty

One of the main challenges associated with utilisation of the renewable energy is the need for energy storage to handle its intermittent nature. Power-to-Gas (PtG) represents a promising option to foster the conversion of renewable electricity into energy carriers that may attend electrical, thermal, or mechanical needs on-demand. This work aimed to incorporate a stochastic approach (Artificial Neural Network combined with Monte Carlo simulations) into the thermodynamic and economic analysis of the PtG process hybridized with an oxy-fuel boiler (modelled in Aspen Plus^®). Such approach generated probability density curves for the key techno-economic performance indicators of the PtG process. Results showed that the mean utilisation of electricity from RES, accounting for the chemical energy in SNG and heat from methanators, reached 62.6%. Besides, the probability that the discounted cash flow is positive was estimated to be only 13.4%, under the set of conditions considered in the work. This work also showed that in order to make the mean net present value positive, subsidies of 68 €/MW_elh are required (with respect to the electricity consumed by PtG process from RES). This figure is similar to the financial aids received by other technologies in the current economic environment.     

电子电气产品的环境要求

随着欧盟《关于报废电子电气设备指令》(WEEE)、《关于在电子电气设备中限制使用某些有害物质的指令》(RoHS)、《电磁兼容指令》(89/336/EEC)、中国《电子信息产品污染防治管理办法》的实施,国际社会越来越注重电子电气产品的环境要求.介绍了欧盟的RoHS指令和中国物控管理办法的要求,分析了国内电子电气产品适应环保要求的现状,电子电气制造企业应积极研究这些指令,在设计、采购、工艺、辅料等各环节都应考虑指令和物控办法的要求.     

Effects of light level, time of harvest and position within field on the variability of tissue nitrate concentration in commercial crops of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and endive (Cichorium endiva)

Seven commercial crops of lettuce and one crop of endive were sampled in order to study the variability in plant tissue nitrate concentration (TNC). Assuming that an appropriate sampling pattern was employed, ten plants were sufficient to give an acceptable estimate of the mean TNC. Short-term shading (24-48 h) had no significant effects on mean TNC, unlike the increase in TNC known to occur following dull periods 10-14 days before harvest. The effect on TNC of time of day harvested was significant, but there was no obvious pattern of diurnal variation. Averaged over all experiments, the coefficient of variation for TNC was in the order of 35%. Increasing the sample size from ten to 40 plants would only be expected to decrease the standard error of measurement of TNC from 16 to 12% of the mean because of the underlying analytical error, which would remain constant.     

白云铁矿1620工业场地的顶管施工技术总结

运用顶管施工技术,解决排水管线通过已有铁路路基,不影响铁路正常运行.采用开挖工作坑、支设后背、导轨与顶进设备等操作程序,完成施工全过程.     

《东盟化妆品指令》解读

介绍了东盟化妆品指令的背景及内容,对化妆品的定义、标签的要求、功效宣称及产品信息资料等方面的要求进行了解析,为我国产品进入东盟市场提供了参考。     

The water‐energy nexus: future water resource availability and its implications on UK thermal power generation

An increasing population coupled with the uncertain, but increasingly likely, impacts of climate change have led to a heightened level of global academic attention to the interdependencies that exist between the water and energy infrastructure networks. However, to date there has been limited research considering the water‐energy nexus within a UK context. This article reviews the global and national literature to identify how a future lack of available water resource will impact upon the UK thermal power generation fleet, both in terms of freshwater resource and environmental constraints. It concludes that a combination of freshwater resource management and adaptation to use alternative water sources will be key in mitigating and adapting to climate impacts.     

Farm‐level actions towards water pollution control: the role of nutrient guidance systems

Enhanced agricultural pollution control will be required to ensure compliance with the 2015 European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive. Drawing upon data from an on‐farm survey with 1370 farmers and growers across England, combined with production, financial, farm and farmer characteristic data from the English Farm Business Survey, this paper investigates farmer attitudes and actions towards water pollution control. Significant differences in practices taken to reduce or prevent pollution were observed by farm type, EU region, farmer education level and use or absence of a nutrient guidance system. However, no significant differences were observed in financial output–input performance of arable farmers by use and non‐use of a nutrient guidance system. Nutrient guidance systems were, however, associated with a greater uptake of practices to reduce or prevent water pollution. Water companies could build upon upstream land management approaches to provide targeted investment in extension services to incentivise on‐farm use of these guidance systems.     

欧盟对LED灯最新生态设计要求分析

为提高产品的能效和减少产品对环境的影响,从2013年9月起,欧盟规定对进入欧盟地区的LED照明产品必须满足Erp指令的要求,才可以加贴CE标识。本文对欧盟最新推出的Erp指令对LED灯的生态设计要求进行了详细介绍,在此基础上分析了该指令对我国LED照明产业的影响,并给出相应的应对措施,对企业应对国际贸易技术壁垒和增强自身市场竞争力具有积极的作用。     

可编程测量仪器应用驱动开发

在.NET编程环境中,通过使用序,具体说明了可编程测量仪器应用驱动程序的通用开发流程和方法,从而使读者可以迅速掌握基于SCPI指令集的可编程工业测量仪器应用层驱动程序的通用开发方法和技巧.     

中国与欧盟婴幼儿食品标准安全指标的差异分析

本文分析了中国与欧盟的婴幼儿配方食品和谷类辅助食品等婴幼儿食品标准现状和安全指标的差异,为我国婴幼儿食品行业和标准体系制定部门提供参考。