Engineered Human Intervertebral Disc Model Inducing Degenerative Microglial Proinflammation

Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a major contributor to low back pain (LBP). IVD degeneration is characterized by abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines secreted by IVD cells. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of LBP have not been elucidated, increasing evidence suggests that LBP is associated particularly with microglia in IVD tissues and the peridiscal space, aggravating the cascade of degenerative events. In this study, we implemented our microfluidic chemotaxis platform to investigate microglial inflammation in response to our reconstituted degenerative IVD models. The IVD models were constructed by stimulating human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells with interleukin-1β and producing interleukin-6 (129.93 folds), interleukin-8 (18.31 folds), C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2) (6.12 folds), and CCL-5 (5.68 folds). We measured microglial chemotaxis (p < 0.05) toward the conditioned media of the IVD models. In addition, we observed considerable activation of neurodegenerative and deactivation of protective microglia via upregulated expression of CD11b (p < 0.001) and down-regulation of CD206 protein (p < 0.001) by soluble factors from IVD models. This, in turn, enhances the inflammatory milieu in IVD tissues, causing matrix degradation and cellular damage. Our findings indicate that degenerative IVD may induce degenerative microglial proinflammation, leading to LBP development.     

Mechanical Stretch-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression on Human Annulus Fibrosus Cells Modulated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Excessive mechanical loading is a major cause of spinal degeneration, typically originating from a tear in the annulus fibrosus (AF). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome have been implicated in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, the causal relationship between the mechanical stretching of AF cells and the NLRP3 inflammasome response associated with ER stress remains scarce. To elucidate the pathogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of mechanical stretch-induced IVD degeneration, human AF cell lines were subjected to different degrees of cyclic stretching to simulate daily spinal movements. Our results indicated that 15% high cyclic stretch (HCS) induced the expression of NLRP3 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and was also responsible for the increased expression of NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human AF cells. In addition, HCS increased the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an ER stress chaperone, which was neutralized with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor. In addition, HCS was found to induce thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which can be suppressed by si-NOX2 or the NOX2 inhibitor GSK2795039. Consequently, HCS upregulated ER stress and ROS production, leading to increased NLRP3 and IL-1β expression in human AF cells, and may further accelerate IVD degeneration.     

铝铈合金细化高纯铝

在高纯铝中分别添加不同量的铝铈合金细化剂,考察了其铸态显微组织、力学性能的变化规律。实验结果表明,在高纯铝中加入质量分数约0.3%的铝铈合金细化剂可使其晶粒细小均匀、力学性能也得以提高。     

Thermal effects on fracture toughness of cracked straight-through Brazilian disk green sandstone and granite

Cracked straight-through Brazilian disc(CSTBD) samples prepared using two rock materials were used for thermal treatment from room temperature to 700°C. Uniaxial splitting experiments were performed using an automatic electro-hydraulic servo press to study the evolution laws of physical and fracture properties of different deep rock materials under high-temperature geological conditions. The fracture characteristics were measured using an industrial camera and digital image correlation technolog...     

改进正弦加速度盘形凸轮廓线的检测

介绍了用于加工中心自动换刀机构的盘状凸轮廓线的检测,该凸轮廓线由改进正弦加速度曲线组成。通过编程,在三坐标测量机上实现了内外轮廓线的自动测量和数据输出,经过数据处理得到凸轮廓线的检测结果。     

自清洗过滤器的分类及特点

自清洗过滤器具有广泛的应用,对各种形式的自清洗过滤器做了归纳分类,介绍了吸污式、刷式(刮式)、反冲洗式三类过滤器的原理及特点,对于全面了解自清洗过滤器,以及设计开发具有参考意义。     

视觉显著性的眼底图像视盘检测

目的 青光眼是导致失明的主要疾病之一,视盘区域的形状、大小等参数是青光眼临床诊断的重要指标。然而眼底图像通常亮度低、对比度弱,且眼底结构复杂,各组织以及病灶干扰严重。为解决上述问题,实现视盘的精确检测,提出一种视觉显著性的眼底图像视盘检测方法。方法 首先,依据视盘区域显著的特点,采用一种基于视觉显著性的方法对视盘区域进行定位;其次,采用全卷积神经网络（fully convolutional neural network,FCN）预训练模型提取深度特征,同时计算视盘区域的平均灰度,进而提取颜色特征;最后,将深度特征、视盘区域的颜色特征和背景先验信息融合到单层元胞自动机（single-layer cellular automata,SCA）中迭代演化,实现眼底图像视盘区域的精确检测。结果 在视网膜图像公开数据集DRISHTI-GS、MESSIDOR和DRIONS-DB上对本文算法进行实验验证,平均相似度系数分别为0.965 8、0.961 6和0.971 1;杰卡德系数分别为0.934 1、0.922 4和0.937 6;召回率系数分别为0.964 8、0.958 9和0.967 4;准确度系数分别为0.996 6、0.995 3和0.996 8,在3个数据集上均可精确地检测视盘区域。实验结果表明,本文算法精确度高,鲁棒性强,运算速度快。结论 本文算法能够有效克服眼底图像亮度低、对比度弱及血管、病灶等组织干扰的影响,在多个视网膜图像公开数据集上进行验证均取得了较好的检测结果,具有较强的泛化性,可以实现视盘区域的精确检测。     

视网膜图像中的黄斑中心检测

目的 在眼底图像分析中,准确的黄斑中心定位对于糖尿病性视网膜病变的计算机辅助诊断系统具有重要的意义。然而,由于光照不均匀、计算量大及病变的干扰给黄斑中心定位带来了巨大的挑战。因此,为了实现更为准确且高效的黄斑中心检测,提出一种基于血管投影和数学形态学的黄斑中心检测方法。方法 首先,基于数学形态学,提出一种自动的血管检测方法。其次,利用视盘区域的血管分布实现视盘中心的自动定位。再次,根据视盘和黄斑的解剖学结构先验信息,提取感兴趣区域。最后,在感兴趣区域内,通过数学形态学和特征提取定位黄斑中心。结果 本文提出的方法在两个标准的糖尿病视网膜病变数据库DIARETDB0和DIARETDB1上分别取得了96.92%和96.63%的成功率,且总成功率达到96.35%。此外,平均的执行时间分别为8.236 s和8.912 s。结论 实验结果表明,本文方法能快速和准确地定位黄斑中心且其性能明显地优于现有的黄斑中心检测方法。     

Prevention of thinning at disc center during rotary forging

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｏｔａｒｙｆｏｒｇｉｎｇｈａｓｓｕｃｈａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓａｓｅｎｅｒｇｙｓａｖｉｎｇ ,ｈｉｇｈｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎｗｏｒｋｐｉｅｃｅ ,ｌｏｗｅｒｌｅｖｅｌｓｏｆｎｏｉｓｅａｎｄｖｉｂｒａ ｔｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｅｒｏｔａｒｙｄｉｅｓｐｉｒａｌｌｙｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｅｓｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｋ ｐｉｅｃｅｕｎｔｉｌｔｈｅｆｉｎａｌｓｈａｐｅｉｓｆｏｒｍｅｄ .Ｉｔｉｓｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｓｕｉｔ ａｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｏｆａｘｉｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃａｌｐａｒｔｓ[1] .Ｎｏ…     

大型设备吊装中的应力监测

通过实例论述了大型设备吊装中应力监测的方法 ,并由实测结果得出桁架点简化为铰的条　　　　　件。提出实测过程中一些特殊问题的解决方法。