苹果渣脱色工艺研究

对苹果渣脱色工艺进行了初步研究,以过100目筛苹果渣为原料,用有机溶剂浸泡,提取其中色素得到脱色后的果渣。通过正交实验确定苹果渣脱色的最佳工艺条件:料液比1∶20,浸提时间40min,以乙醇为浸提剂,浸提级数2级,可以获得最佳脱色效果。     

半干鸡肉宠物食品的护色研究

利用异VC钠、柠檬酸、焦亚硫酸钠的单一与复配使用对半干鸡肉宠物食品进行护色研究。单一护色实验结果表明,护色效果焦亚硫酸钠>柠檬酸>异VC钠,复配护色实验表明柠檬酸能够增强异VC钠和焦亚硫酸钠的护色效果,柠檬酸:焦亚硫酸钠(质量比)=2:1时,对维持鸡肉宠物食品颜色金黄色,抑制的颜色加深变黑效果显著。     

热处理对竹材性能及变色的影响

总结了竹材在热处理方面的应用以及热处理对其物理力学性能和颜色的影响,并对竹材热处理技术在国内外的研究作了展望.     

带肉梨汁护色及加工工艺的研究(Ⅱ)——SO_2及其它抑制剂对加工梨汁色泽的影响

本研究用热烫、SO_2、抗坏血酸、蔗糖等抑制方法控制带肉梨汁加工过程中的褐变。颜色指标用罗维朋比色计评价。发现在一小时的加工时间内能完全控制梨汁褐变的最佳条件是:100℃热烫3分钟、抑制剂偏重亚硫酸钠的最小用量为20ppm;或抗坏血酸为250ppm;或糖浆浓度为40%。还对糖浆与SO_2的协同作用及不同pH下SO_2对酶的抑制效果作了研究。     

Yellow discoloration of the liposome system of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) as influenced by lipid oxidation

Lipid oxidation, discoloration, loss of amine groups and pyrrolization of the liposome systems of cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) in the presence of FeCl₃ and ascorbic acid were studied. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and the b^∗-value of cuttlefish liposomes increased with a coincidental decrease in amine groups when the incubation temperatures (0, 4, 25, and 37 °C) and incubation times (0–24 h) were increased (p < 0.05). As lipid oxidation and yellow pigment formation in the cuttlefish liposome proceeded, a loss of amine groups and pyrrolization were also detected. The effects of FeCl₃ and ascorbic acid, at different concentrations, on TBARS production, b^∗-value, loss of amine groups and pyrrolization of cuttlefish liposome were also investigated. Both FeCl₃ and ascorbic acid showed prooxidative effects in cuttlefish liposome in a concentration-dependent manner. Sodium chloride (0–2%) reduced TBARS, b^∗-values and pyrrole compounds. These results suggest a positive correlation between lipid oxidation and the development of yellow pigments in cuttlefish phospholipids.     

Hygroscopic Coatings Control Surface White Discoloration of Peeled (Minimally Processed) Carrots During Storage

White discoloration on peeled carrots is partially due to surface dehydration which can be controlled with hygroscopic coatings: e.g., polyhydric alcohols and salt solutions. This study was performed at 2.5, 7.5, 10, and 15°C, using a model system controlling relative humidity at 33, 75 or 98% or a commercial system with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic film bags. The moisture sorption properties of propylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerol and calcium chloride enabled them to keep the carrot surface moist and maintain a transparent surface layer through which the underlying orange color was visible. This effect was only observed at high relative humidities (e.g., 98% RH). Similar effects were observed on treated peeled carrots stored in LDPE bags. The moisturized appearance provided by the hygroscopic coatings during storage was effective at several different temperatures.     

示温涂料的变色原理及应用进展

详细介绍了示温涂料的分类、变色机理及在各个领域的应用并展望了未来的发展趋势。     

MDI与TDI聚氨酯固化剂用于双组分溶剂型聚氨酯涂料的变色对比

以不同2,4'体含量MDI合成的聚氨酯固化剂与TDI合成的聚氨酯固化剂进行变色情况对比,结果表明,50%2,4'体含量MDI合成的固化剂与TDI-80合成的固化剂变色相当,采用自制的80%2,4'体含量MDI合成的聚氨酯固化剂变色程度比TDI-80合成的聚氨酯固化剂好,并对变色原因进行了理论分析和探讨。     

水解酸化-活性污泥法处理卤代杂环类农药中间体废水的研究

采用水解酸化-活性污泥法工艺处理卤代杂环类农药中间体废水,研究了混凝预处理、活性污泥的驯化和培养以及污泥回流比等关键因素对农药中间体废水的脱色、COD去除率的影响。确定了生化处理的最佳条件。运行结果表明：当混凝剂的加入量为1‰、按10%速率提升进水负荷、水解酸化池的污泥回流比控制在40%～50%、深沉曝气池的污泥回流比控制在30%～40%时,系统出水水质可稳定达到金山第二工业区接管标准。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定尿素产品中的煤气化有机物

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定分析尿素产品变色的原因。样品采用三氯甲烷萃取,通过RTX-5MS色谱柱分离,并用GC-MS联用技术对萃取物进行分析,从中分离鉴定了11个成分。结果表明:尿素萃取液中含有甲苯(6.64%),邻硝基苯胺(1.68%),直链烃类(87.23%),邻硝基苯导致尿素变色,并为下一步检测二氧化碳提供依据。