钻井岩屑粒径分布规律的研究

钻井振动筛是固控系统的重要分离设备,其主要任务是清除钻井液中直径大于74μm的固相颗粒。对辽河油田7口井深0～3500m的钻井岩屑进行了实地取样,分析了岩样颗粒直径大于74μm的粒径分布特征。分析结果表明,钻井岩屑具有明显的片状特征,颗粒的粒径分布主要与地层岩性和破岩工具有关,随着井深的变化,其岩样粒径分布呈现出幂分布、2分布和瑞利分布等3组典型规律。给出了岩屑颗粒的概率直径;建议在筛面颗粒运动特性研究、筛网工作载荷的计算和激振方式的选择中,应考虑岩屑颗粒片状特性的影响。     

Using the high pressure methane isotherm for determination of pore size distribution of carbon adsorbents

A method of determining pore size distribution, PSD, of carbon adsorbents based on the high pressure methane isotherm is presented. A generic software package, and an IBM compatible PC, have been used to search for a PSD in the form of a histogram. The method relies on a known local isotherm, in this case, assuming a simplified model of infinite slit shaped carbon pores.Three carbons, having very different pore structures: BPL, PX-21, and PVDC, were analyzed using the new method and the results compared with those obtained from subcritical Ar, and N₂ isotherms. The analysis from the high pressure methane isotherm gave results which are different than those from the low pressure low temperature isotherms but not significantly enough to be unrealistic.     

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GROWTH OF SMALL CORNER FATIGUE CRACKS IN ALUMINIUM 6061-T651

Results of an experimental investigation of the fatigue growth of small corner cracks emanating from small flaws are presented. Growth-arrest behaviour was observed, and increases in crack length during growth periods were of the order of the transverse grain size. For the test material, the corner crack front intersects, on average, only three–six grains in the small crack regime monitored, so only a small number of constrained, interior grains is encountered. It is suggested that the presence of partially constrained surface grains may contribute to the 'anomalous' growth behaviour which has been observed by a number of investigators.
The crack growth histories of the test data presented exhibit considerable scatter. It is shown that a Student's t -test can be used to estimate confidence intervals in order to provide a measure of the observed scatter. The variation in confidence intervals in the transition from small to long fatigue crack growth is discussed.     

基于．NET气门尺寸检测系统软件架构设计

光学非接触检测是随着机械制造技术、计算机视觉技术、图像处理技术等发展而出现的新兴检测技术。传统人工手段对气门尺寸的检测往往存在效率低、可靠性差、检测精度不高、成本高、容易出错等弊端,采用光学非接触检测技术不仅可以提高检测的效率、精度和可靠性,同时可以降低成本和出错率。文中在阐述了系统的硬件结构和基本工作原理的基础上,通过分析实际生产需求,结合．NET技术框架,提出了符合实际需求的检测系统总体架构,并开发了汽车发动机气门尺寸自动检测系统,实现了系统各个功能模块并合理地解决了模块之间的联系,通过高精度算法检测出零件参数。该系统已应用于实际生产中,取得不错的效果。     

浅析大尺寸测量的意义及发展趋势

以当今涉及大尺寸测量的生产单位所面临的实际问题为依据,分析了研究大尺寸测量的重要意义,阐述了国内外近年来大尺寸测量的发展概况及下一步的发展趋势,为设计符合生产实际需求的大尺寸测量机指明了方向。     

An enhanced,acoustic emission-based,single-fiber-composite test

In the single-fiber-composite (SFC) test, a fiber imbedded in a matrix is loaded in tension, resulting in a fragmentation of the fiber. In the conventional version of this test, the final fiber fragmentation length distribution is used with a micro-mechanical model to determine the average fiber/matrix interfacial shear stress. In the enhanced version of this test, one also determines the applied stress at each fiber fracture, and from this, one can evaluate the strength of the fiber at short gage lengths. In our measurement system, we utilize an acoustic emission (AE) technique to detect the fiber fractures and to locate the fiber breaks and so determine both the fiber failure stresses as well as the fiber fragmentation lengths while the test is in progress. Critical to the success of this test is a broadband AE system that utilizes point-like AE sensors, procedures for evaluatingin situ, the wavespeed of the first wave arrival and signal processing techniques for determining the arrival time of this signal as precisely as possible for a broad range of wave shapes. Here we describe the application of such an enhanced SFC test procedure to investigate the failure of a Nicalon fiber in an epoxy matrix.     

一种新的修正恒模算法

阐述了恒模算法(CMA)、修正恒模算法(MCMA)和判决引导(DD)算法的基本原理。针对CMA和MCMA收敛速度慢,固定步长条件下收敛速度和剩余误差之间存在矛盾的缺陷,在分析CMA误差特性的基础上,利用DD算法误差函数的模值和判决器输出构造新的误差函数,提出了一种新的变步长MCMA。新算法在加快收敛速度的同时保持小的剩余误差。仿真结果表明,新算法比CMA和MCMA收敛速度快,均衡输出剩余码间干扰(ISI)小而且能克服相位偏移,具有很好的实用性。     

一种谱分解降维的模糊有监督局部保持投影策略

提出一种谱分解降维的模糊有监督局部保持投影策略。首先针对监督局部保持投影SLPP存在过学习和不能较好地保持图像空间的差异信息等问题,通过最小化局部离散度和最大化差异离散度准则提取投影方向,找到一种线性鉴别分析的等价形式。其次,通过采用模糊k近邻(FKNN)方法得到相应的样本分布隶属度信息,同时考虑到离群样本对整个分类结果的不利影响,提出一种模糊化方法,根据样本的隶属度对样本分布矩阵重定义所做的贡献,将每个样本的隶属度融入到SLPP特征抽取的过程中,从而得到完整有效的模糊样本特征向量集,有效解决了小样本问题的特征抽取问题。第三,提出一种谱分解的矩阵分析方法,在SLPP投影准则下,对散布矩阵实现降维。在ORL和NUST603人脸库上的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

20MnVBH钢的奥氏体晶粒度及淬透性研究

研究了用电弧炉，平炉和非真空感应炉冶炼的２０ＭｎＶＢＨ钢的奥氏体晶粒度及淬透性。结果表明，有效钛是决定钢奥氏体晶粒度的主要参数；有效硼是决定该钢淬透性的主要参数。     

用局部法评定焊接接头的疲劳性能

采用16Mn钢非承载十字焊接接头疲劳试验结果对使用Dang Van准则的疲劳评定局部方法进行了研究。结果表明，有限元分析中应力集中区单元尺寸对局部参量计算有明显影响，为获得比较合理的预测结果需对焊趾应力集中区所划分的单元尺寸限定，当接头焊趾半径在0．15-0．8mm变化时应选择最小单元尺寸0．32-0．62mm计算局部参量；在此基础上Dang Van准则可以对焊态接头做出合理的评定，但Dang Van建议的卢值偏安全。此外，通过计算发现焊趾半径只影响局部很小区域(约0．5mm内)的应力集中分布，在某一深度(约0．5mm)后存在稳定的应力集中，因而建议采用距应力集中区最大应力处某一深度的应力参数计算Dang Van局部参量可能更为合理，这将减小局部参数对焊趾半径及单元尺寸的依赖性。