大晶粒AZ91镁合金的超塑变形行为

研究了晶粒尺寸为 85 μm的大晶粒AZ91镁合金在高温下的超塑拉伸变形行为。结果表明 ,大晶粒AZ91合金能在高温下获得超塑性。在 35 0℃下 ,应变速率为 3× 10 - 4s- 1 拉伸时 ,最大伸长率达2 2 8%。 30 0℃下 4 0 %的预应变可以改善合金在更高温度下的超塑性能。在超塑拉伸变形初期 ,动态再结晶细化了合金的晶粒 ,呈现出细晶超塑的特征 ;随着应变量的增加 ,合金的晶粒长大趋势不明显。大晶粒AZ91合金的超塑性变形机制是晶界滑移控制下的孔洞连接协调机制。     

Fe-32%Ni合金超细晶粒奥氏体的马氏体相变微观结构研究

通过多轴锻造的方法实现了Fe-32%Ni合金奥氏体晶粒超细化,并进行深冷处理使之发生马氏体相变.采用透射电镜(TEM)观察了超细晶粒Fe-32%Ni合金奥氏体相变后马氏体的微观结构.结果表明,超细晶粒奥氏体相变后的马氏体片变得不再完整,部分马氏体片边缘变得弯曲,部分马氏体发生了中脊断裂现象;观察马氏体片的亚结构表明,有些马氏体片的亚结构是孪晶与高密度位错共存,有些马氏体片的亚结构转变为高密度位错.分析认为强变形马氏体特殊亚结构的生成是由于奥氏体组织细化大大提高了母相强度,加大了相变切变阻力和强变形奥氏体母相中大量位错的引入破坏了母相晶格原子排列的空间规律性等原因造成的.     

基于HHT重构信号的超声降噪方法

水轮机转子材料晶粒粗大,易导致超声检测信噪比低,实际检测容易漏检、误判。为了解决这一问题,对水轮机转子材料制成的试块采集了超声检测信号,对信号进行了经验模态分解和Hilbert变换,提取出包含有用信息的IMF分量,进行了信号的重构,重构后的信号信噪比有最高可达两倍的不同程度的提高。同时着眼于实时监测,确定了适合HHT重构信号降噪方法的最佳采样频率为探头频率的40倍。     

原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备超细YG6硬质合金

将原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末采用干袋式冷等静压压制成型(压制压力1×10~8 Pa、保压时间15 s),将压制好的坯料采用低压烧结炉烧结(烧结温度1360℃、烧结时间40 min、加压5 MPa、保温保压时间20 min),烧结制备超细YG6硬质合金,对合金的形貌、金相组织及物理力学性能进行分析。结果表明:原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备的超细YG6硬质合金,晶粒异常长大,WC平均晶粒尺寸为0.8μm,硬度HV_(30)为(21500±100) MPa,较传统超细YG6X硬度高。再将WC-6Co复合粉末采用滚动湿磨、压力式喷雾干燥、掺成型剂、挤压成型、低压烧结等工序制备超细YG6硬质合金,研究不同晶粒长大抑制剂配比、球磨时间、挤压压力、烧结温度对合金性能的影响。结果表明:添加0.3%VC、0.8%Cr_3C_2(质量分数),湿磨48 h,挤压压力24 MPa,烧结温度1340℃,制备的超细YG6硬质合金WC晶粒均匀,无异常长大的WC晶粒,WC平均晶粒度尺寸0.4μm,呈多边形,外形较圆。强度、硬度最高,抗弯强度TRS为(2250±20) MPa、硬度HV30为(22600±100) MPa。断口形貌为沿晶断裂,沿WC与WC晶界断裂或WC与Co晶界断裂。     

低压等离子喷涂316L不锈钢涂层组织对性能的影响

目的研究涂层组织形貌对涂层性能的影响。方法采用低压等离子喷涂方法制备316L不锈钢涂层,通过改变喷涂条件以及热处理工艺分别得到颗粒堆积、层片状和等轴晶三种不同组织的涂层。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射、显微硬度计和浸泡实验,分析其金相组织、相结构、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性,对比分析三种不同涂层的性能。结果等轴晶涂层只含奥氏体相,而颗粒状和层片状涂层除奥氏体相外,还有?铁素体相。层片状涂层显微硬度最高(为262 HV0.3),颗粒状涂层次之(为243 HV0.3),等轴晶涂层硬度最低(为118 HV0.3)。在浓盐酸中浸泡1、2、3 h,层片状涂层质量损失分别为0.0110、0.0262、0.0445 mg/cm~2,颗粒状涂层质量损失分别为0.0078、0.0128、0.0262 mg/cm~2,等轴晶涂层质量损失分别为0.0071、0.0100、0.0126mg/cm~2。结论层片状涂层有最高的显微硬度和最差的耐腐蚀性,等轴晶涂层则有最好的耐腐蚀性和最低的显微硬度,颗粒状涂层介于两者之间。     

相场法模拟枝晶生长

基于Tong提出的耦合流场、温度场、噪音场的相场模型,发展了一个单相场控制的多个晶粒生长模型,对对流作用下的枝晶的非对称生长进行了模拟研究,考虑了枝晶的择优生长方向,应用该模型模拟了纯金属镍单枝晶和多枝晶在流体作用下的生长规律。模拟结果表明。金属液对流对枝晶生长形貌产生重要的影响,该模型能够较真实地再现凝固过程的枝晶生长过程。     

Cooking and texture properties of gluten‐free fettuccine processed from defatted flaxseed flour and rice flour

Nonconventional raw materials have been applied in gluten‐free pasta, to meet the demand of people with coeliac disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cooking properties and texture of pasta formulated with rice flour, defatted flaxseed flour and pregelatinised mixed flour of rice and flaxseed (80:20). For this experiment, simplex design was used. Cooking properties and texture were found within the quality limits established for this type of product. The pasta with the most desirable properties (short optimum cooking time (OCT), less solid loss (SL) and intermediate mass increase (MI)) was that one formulated with 43 g 100 g^?1 of pregelatinised flour, 47 g 100 g^?1 of rice flour and 10 g 100 g^?1 of defatted flaxseed flour. This formulation can be characterised as a food rich in dietary fibre and of high nutritional value.     

Suitability of some selected maize hybrids from Serbia for the production of bioethanol and dried distillers' grains with solubles

BACKGROUND: Bioethanol is mostly produced from starchy parts of the corn grain kernel leaving significant amounts of valuable by‐products such as dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) which can be used as a substitute for traditional feedstuff. The suitability of six maize hybrids from Serbia was investigated for bioethanol and DDGS production. The correlation between physical and chemical characteristics of the grain, bioethanol yield and quality of the corresponding DDGS was assessed. RESULTS: All hybrids had very different chemical composition and physical characteristics which could allow various applications. The highest bioethanol yield (94.5% of theoretical) and volumetric productivity (2.01 g l^?1 h^?1) were obtained with hybrid ZP 434 and the lowest with ZP 611k. Regarding chemical composition, all DDGS samples manifested good properties as feed components. Their protein content was higher compared to the kernel. In addition, the samples showed high digestibility and high mineral content, especially of calcium and phosphorus. CONCLUSION: A hybrid ZP 434 was selected as the most promising bioethanol producer. This property is attributed to the highest level of soft endosperm which is more susceptible to starch‐hydrolysing enzymes. A high yield potential per hectare makes it the best candidate for commercial bioethanol production. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

圆铝杆铸坯裂纹形成机理及影响因素探究

通过对铸造凝固过程的跟踪试验、铸造组织分析,并结合生产实践长期总结,分析了纯铝系圆铝杆铸坯不同位置铸造裂纹的性质、形成机理及主要的影响因素.通过工艺改进和新技术开发后的铸坯晶粒为细小的等轴晶,热裂纹得到明显改善.     

Some Features of Coalescence Processes and Mechanisms in Systems of Nonmetallic Crystalline Particles

The influence of particle size, presence of soluble impurities, and the development of solid-state polytype transitions in systems of nonmetallic crystalline particles on coalescence mechanisms during sintering is considered. The following cases that have not been studied previously are discussed. Coalescence is activated by oxygen during sintering fine plasma chemical powders of AlN, TiC, and TiN. Its mechanism may be considered as alloy formation realized by movement of a boundary between areas differing in oxygen concentration. Development of this coalescence governs the formation of collective grain growth centers. Polytype transitions in self-bonded SiC give rise to the occurrence of Ostwald coalescence accomplished as recrystallization by the grain in grain type. Polytype transitions in SiC and AlN may cause the growth of fine monopolytype grains at the expense of coarse grains consisting of a collection of multilayer polytypes. On the example of silicon-bonded SiC it is shown that during liquid-phase sintering of ceramic materials with solubility of solid phase in the liquid phase three types of Ostwald coalescence may be realized differing in the mass-transfer mechanisms: reprecipitation through the liquid phase (solution of carbon in silicon); joining of two or more single original SiC particles by a single-crystal shell forming as a result of crystallization of the condensed phase from the melt-solution; combined reprecipitation through a liquid phase and recrystallization by migration of boundaries between particles.