用三维曲面及截面描述图像的灰度特征

提出将图像的灰度用三维曲面表示,并作各剖面得到灰度截面曲线,再作差分运算得到灰度截面差分曲线,来描述图像特征。并依此方法比较车牌图像各个区域,进行车牌定位。     

Reactive cognition, reactive emotion: Toward a more psychologically-informed understanding of reactive homicide.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 15(2) of Psychology, Public Policy, and Law (see record 2009-08329-001). Due to a production error, this article was published with incorrect footnote numbering. Specifically, the intended footnotes 2 through 9 were moved to the end, and footnote 10 became footnote 2 and so forth.] Recent scholarship has drawn attention to the alternative contributions of dysfunctional reactive cognition (e.g., provocation interpretational bias) and emotion (e.g., provoked fury) in heat-of-passion killings. Two main theses have been advanced. First, there exists a meaningful parallel between the instrumental-reactive aggression dichotomy in psychology and murder-manslaughter distinction in law. Second, analysis of this parallel suggests that the heat-of-passion (or provocation) defense disproportionately favors emotional over cognitive dysfunction in mitigating murder to manslaughter. These theses, however, have yet to be fully developed and raise additional, critical questions that have not yet been addressed: Other than interpretational style, how may social-cognitive science inform our understanding of the role of cognitive bias in reactive homicide? How is serious interpretational bias related to alternative forms of psychiatric disorder as recognized in law? This article addresses these and related questions regarding the differential and interactive contributions of dysfunctional cognition and emotion in the execution of reactive homicide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Ecological moral realism: An alternative theoretical framework for studying moral psychology.

The authors propose that the empirical study of human moral behavior as undertaken by positive psychologists, psychologists interested in the study of values, and experimental ethicists can be normative at its core, yet also remain truly scientific. To do this, those interested in the empirical study of human moral behavior should consider the concept of affordances, which is central to the Gibsonian ecological psychology tradition, as an approach to studying virtues and strengths. From this perspective, virtues can be better defined as part of moral analogues of affordances (MAAs). Just as the affordance "being-climbable" is a relation between climbing ability and height, so one can similarly define a MAA as an opportunity for moral behavior. Virtues, on this account, would be defined as abilities to behave appropriately in morally relevant situations. If one studies virtues as components of MAAs, virtues are only comprehensible in terms of morally relevant situations. Similarly, morally relevant situations are comprehensible only in terms of abilities to behave appropriately in them, that is, in terms of virtues. We believe that such an approach holds many advantages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

中国人对不公平感受程度的实证研究

公平或不公平的问题常常受到人们的关注,但很少有人从实证的角度给出具有说服力的描述与说明.依据某国家课题的问卷统计数据对此问题进行评述.总体上说,普通中国人对不公平的感受还是比较强烈的,但也存在个体和阶层差别.     

变压器并联运行技术的应用

本文介绍了阻抗电压不相等(相差超±10％)的变压器并联运行的实践,总结出并联后变压器允许的最大负载计算经验公式,为变压器的安全运行提供可靠依据。     

Impulsive versus realistic thinking: An examination of the distinction between primary and secondary processes in thought.

The nature of the distinction between primary and secondary processes, as described by Freud, has relevancy for both a cognitive psycholoy and a psychology of motivation. Several issues arising from an examination of the 2 processes are examined. Possible empirical approaches to the basic problems are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the spuriousness of the symbolic/subsymbolic distinction

The article criticises the attempt to establish connectionism as an alternative theory of human cognitive architecture through the introduction of thesymbolic/subsymbolic distinction (Smolensky, 1988). The reasons for the introduction of this distinction are discussed and found to be unconvincing. It is shown that thebrittleness problem has been solved for a large class ofsymbolic learning systems, e.g. the class oftop-down induction of decision-trees (TDIDT) learning systems. Also, the process of articulating expert knowledge in rules seems quite practical for many important domains, including common sense knowledge.The article discusses several experimental comparisons betweenTDIDT systems and artificial neural networks using the error backpropagation algorithm (ANNs usingBP). The properties of one of theTDIDT systemsID3 (Quinlan, 1986a) are examined in detail. It is argued that the differences in performance betweenANNs usingBP andTDIDT systems reflect slightly different inductive biases but are not systematic; these differences do not support the view that symbolic and subsymbolic systems are fundamentally incompatible. It is concluded, that thesymbolic/subsymbolic distinction is spurious. It cannot establish connectionism as an alternative cognitive architecture.     

粗糙集在粉螨亚目螨种智能鉴别中的应用研究

粗糙集理论是一种新型的软计算方法,它能有效分析和处理不精确、不一致、不完整等特性的不完备信息,是一种强大的数学分析工具,具有良好的容错性能。采用粗糙集技术,并与分类鉴别算法相结合,给出改进的约简算法,对已分离的螨种进行分类鉴别,鉴别实例结果显示,在信息不完备的情况下仍能正确地进行分类鉴别,可明显提高分类鉴别能力和效率。粗糙集在粉螨亚目螨种智能鉴别中具有较好效果。     

空间三维概念与巫山二廊庙小区规划

山地城市地质地貌复杂多变,可建用地少且分散,由河流、林地、洪泛区、冲沟、滑坡、陡坡等构成的不适建地区在山地城市中,分割出并包围着一块块适宜城市建设的用地单元,它们构成了建设用地单元的三维空间界定元素。结合三峡库区巫山二廊庙小区的规划实践,引入三维集约生态界定规划的理念与方法,通过城市建设单元三维界定元素的整合规划,将塑造地域环境认知特色、营造良好生境品质及创造土地开发增值效益联系起来,在山地城市规划上做了有益的探索。     

构建和谐城市——青岛城市南北势差的形成及应对分析

青岛是德国人开发和建设的殖民城市,建设之初已呈现南北不同的布局特点。德国人撤离之后青岛继续完善、扩展,形成了北工南宿的带状格局,南北差距不断加大。这一状况大大阻碍了城市的和谐发展。其间几次迁移市中心的设想和实践都未能改变这一局面。近年出台了许多措施,整治北部区域,以此来缩小南北差距。以青岛城市发展为例强调了综合平衡发展对于构建和谐城市的重要意义。