Reactive cognition, reactive emotion: Toward a more psychologically-informed understanding of reactive homicide.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 15(2) of Psychology, Public Policy, and Law (see record 2009-08329-001). Due to a production error, this article was published with incorrect footnote numbering. Specifically, the intended footnotes 2 through 9 were moved to the end, and footnote 10 became footnote 2 and so forth.] Recent scholarship has drawn attention to the alternative contributions of dysfunctional reactive cognition (e.g., provocation interpretational bias) and emotion (e.g., provoked fury) in heat-of-passion killings. Two main theses have been advanced. First, there exists a meaningful parallel between the instrumental-reactive aggression dichotomy in psychology and murder-manslaughter distinction in law. Second, analysis of this parallel suggests that the heat-of-passion (or provocation) defense disproportionately favors emotional over cognitive dysfunction in mitigating murder to manslaughter. These theses, however, have yet to be fully developed and raise additional, critical questions that have not yet been addressed: Other than interpretational style, how may social-cognitive science inform our understanding of the role of cognitive bias in reactive homicide? How is serious interpretational bias related to alternative forms of psychiatric disorder as recognized in law? This article addresses these and related questions regarding the differential and interactive contributions of dysfunctional cognition and emotion in the execution of reactive homicide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高气液比垂直两相管流流型判别研究

在多相管流中,流型判断准确与否决定着压降计算的精度,根据流型来选择相应的压降计算公式,能提高压降结果的准确性。目前,在现场所遇到的绝大多数多相流问题是气一液(油、气),气一液一液(油、气、水)形式的多相流。本文以气一液两相流为主,着重讨论其流型的划分和判断。并模拟高气液比环境进行了一组室内实验,应用Beggs-Brill、Aziz-Govier、Kaya、Zhmx4种模型分别对室内实验流动形态进行了判断,结果表明Kaya和Zhmx模型对高气液比垂直管流的流型判断比较准确。     

Impulsive versus realistic thinking: An examination of the distinction between primary and secondary processes in thought.

The nature of the distinction between primary and secondary processes, as described by Freud, has relevancy for both a cognitive psycholoy and a psychology of motivation. Several issues arising from an examination of the 2 processes are examined. Possible empirical approaches to the basic problems are presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the spuriousness of the symbolic/subsymbolic distinction

The article criticises the attempt to establish connectionism as an alternative theory of human cognitive architecture through the introduction of thesymbolic/subsymbolic distinction (Smolensky, 1988). The reasons for the introduction of this distinction are discussed and found to be unconvincing. It is shown that thebrittleness problem has been solved for a large class ofsymbolic learning systems, e.g. the class oftop-down induction of decision-trees (TDIDT) learning systems. Also, the process of articulating expert knowledge in rules seems quite practical for many important domains, including common sense knowledge.The article discusses several experimental comparisons betweenTDIDT systems and artificial neural networks using the error backpropagation algorithm (ANNs usingBP). The properties of one of theTDIDT systemsID3 (Quinlan, 1986a) are examined in detail. It is argued that the differences in performance betweenANNs usingBP andTDIDT systems reflect slightly different inductive biases but are not systematic; these differences do not support the view that symbolic and subsymbolic systems are fundamentally incompatible. It is concluded, that thesymbolic/subsymbolic distinction is spurious. It cannot establish connectionism as an alternative cognitive architecture.     

Filter-based energy-resolved X-ray computed tomography with a clinical imager

Filter-based energy-resolved X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an approach for implementing energy-resolved CT imaging using a flat-panel-detector-based cone-beam system. In this study, we performed experiments with a 20-cm-diameter phantom on a clinical X-ray imager. The material density results showed good agreement with the ideal values. We also propose an improved method for obtaining the detector response function and the X-ray spectrum, which requires fewer measurements and will be practical for future clinical use. Issues such as scatter and image noise remain to be addressed.     

构建和谐城市——青岛城市南北势差的形成及应对分析

青岛是德国人开发和建设的殖民城市,建设之初已呈现南北不同的布局特点。德国人撤离之后青岛继续完善、扩展,形成了北工南宿的带状格局,南北差距不断加大。这一状况大大阻碍了城市的和谐发展。其间几次迁移市中心的设想和实践都未能改变这一局面。近年出台了许多措施,整治北部区域,以此来缩小南北差距。以青岛城市发展为例强调了综合平衡发展对于构建和谐城市的重要意义。     

钢带简支梁自振特性测定试验研究

介绍了模态计算方法和基本原理，通过多点激振、单点拾振的方法进行了钢带简支梁自振试验测定了梁的模态，利用模态理论计算得出该简支梁的模态，从理论解析解和有限元分析来看，试验结果与理论分析结果吻合比较好。     

变压器并联运行技术的应用

本文介绍了阻抗电压不相等(相差超±10％)的变压器并联运行的实践,总结出并联后变压器允许的最大负载计算经验公式,为变压器的安全运行提供可靠依据。     

中国古典诗词研究中的“悬案”刍议

对中国古典诗词的研究,经常会因为对作品可以作不同的理解而造成研究者观点上的分歧,从而产生诸多诗词研究中的“悬案”。这种学术观点上的分歧固然没有标准答案,但只要掌握了正确的研究方法去分析辨别,不同观点间的优劣还是可以进行比较的。     

空间三维概念与巫山二廊庙小区规划

山地城市地质地貌复杂多变,可建用地少且分散,由河流、林地、洪泛区、冲沟、滑坡、陡坡等构成的不适建地区在山地城市中,分割出并包围着一块块适宜城市建设的用地单元,它们构成了建设用地单元的三维空间界定元素。结合三峡库区巫山二廊庙小区的规划实践,引入三维集约生态界定规划的理念与方法,通过城市建设单元三维界定元素的整合规划,将塑造地域环境认知特色、营造良好生境品质及创造土地开发增值效益联系起来,在山地城市规划上做了有益的探索。