桥面铺面防水粘结层胶结材料洒布量的确定方法

为确定桥面铺面防水粘结层胶结材料洒布量,采用橡胶沥青和两种典型的沥青混合料,通过设计直向剪切试验和斜向剪切试验研究桥面防水粘结层的力学性能,分析不同因素对于防水粘结层剪切性能的影响．试验结果表明,加载速率的提高,粘结层最大剪切应力有呈线性增大的趋势;采用不同温度的对比试验,同样发现随温度的升高,其抗剪切能力显著衰减．可以通过剪切试验的剪应力和变形能两个指标评价其剪切性能．     

铜参与的三氟甲硫化反应研究进展

由于三氟甲硫基强的吸电子作用、亲脂性和疏水性,三氟甲硫醚类化合物在生物、医药和农药等领域得到了广泛应用,其合成方法也逐渐成为有机化学领域的研究热点之一,其中铜试剂参与的三氟甲硫化反应发展迅速.按照参与三氟甲硫化反应底物的不同,主要综述了各种铜试剂参与的卤代烃、芳基硼酸、C-H键活化等方面的三氟甲硫化反应的研究进展.     

凝胶法制备Cu-BTC块体及其吸附脱除二甲基二硫醚性能

金属有机骨架材料Cu-BTC具有高孔隙率、易调控的骨架结构以及含过渡金属等特点,是吸附脱除硫化物的优异材料。采用凝胶法在常温条件下制备块状样品Cu-BTC-g,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、N₂吸附-脱附等手段对其进行分析表征,同时测定Cu-BTC-g样品对模型硫化物二甲基二硫醚(DMDS)的静态吸附容量、吸附热力学和动力学特性。结果表明：凝胶法制备的Cu-BTC-g样品晶体平均尺寸约为0.2μm、比表面积为901 m²/g、孔体积为0.40 cm³/g,晶体尺寸、比表面积和孔体积均小于溶剂热法合成的样品Cu-BTC-s;在吸附温度298 K下,Cu-BTC-g样品的DMDS吸附容量为110.8 mg/g,比Cu-BTC-s样品提高12%。     

Theoretical study on composition-dependent properties of ZnO·nAl2O3 spinels. Part II: Mechanical and thermophysical

Knowledge on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of ZnO·nAl₂O₃ is essential for practical applications. Based on the first-principles calculations and the bond valence method, the disordered spinel-type structure of ZnO·nAl₂O₃ (n = 1–4) was constructed to investigate the composition-dependent mechanical and thermophysical properties. The effects of cation substitution on the hardness, elastic modulus, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity were revealed from the insights into the chemical bonds. At a higher n, the tetrahedral bond is stronger, manifested as its higher hardness and bulk modulus as well as smaller thermal expansion coefficient. Meanwhile, the octahedral bond is weaker, leading to the lower hardness and bulk modulus, along with the larger expansion coefficient. In consequence, the hardness and elastic moduli of ZnO·nAl₂O₃ are improved moderately while the expansion coefficient is decreased with the rise of n. Due to the different vibration characteristics of Zn^IV and Al^IV, the cation disorder in the 8a site provides the primary source of phonon scattering, resulting in the dramatic reduction of thermal conductivity as n increases. The understanding offers guidance on the application-oriented design of new oxide spinels.     

聚酯型聚氨酯乳液的合成及性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（ IPDI）、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HDI）和聚己二酸 1,4-丁二醇酯二醇（ PBA）为主要原料制备系列水性聚氨酯乳液（ WPU）。采用红外光谱仪、差式扫描量热仪、 X-射线衍射仪、电子拉力机等对 WPU进行结构表征;为了从聚集状态上对聚氨酯结晶性有更深层次的探究,对 WPU进行了定伸情况下的测试。结果显示：随着硬段含量的增加,硬段 -软段间的氢键相互作用减小,微相分离程度增加,结晶性能降低;随着伸长率的增加,氢键相互作用和结晶性能都表现出先减小后增大的趋势。当硬段含量为 14. 73%时,聚氨酯胶膜拉伸强度达到 40. 11 MPa,剥离强度为 93. 7 N/（25 mm）。     

聚酯型双键封端聚氨酯预聚物的合成及其在团状模塑料中的应用

以高附着力耐温二元醇（XC-488）、甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）为原料,合成了聚酯型双键封端的聚氨酯预聚物（HPU）,然后将不同含量的HPU与不饱和聚酯树脂、短切玻璃纤维、碳酸钙、阻燃剂等进行共混,用于团状模塑料（BMC）的制备。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热仪、力学性能、吸水率、熔体流动性、耐酸碱性、耐老化测试和扫描电子显微镜进行测试。结果表明,当HPU的含量为6 %（质量分数,下同）时,BMC复合材料的综合力学性能最好,此时复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度分别为（47.24 ±0.42） MPa、（117.76±0.65）MPa、（33.8±0.2） kJ/m²。     

超支化聚酰胺强化热塑性聚氨酯结晶及发泡性能的研究

在热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）中引入超支化聚酰胺HyPer,利用傅里叶红外光谱研究了HyPer对TPU分子间氢键的影响;同时采用旋转流变仪及差示扫描量热仪研究了HyPer对TPU的结晶及流变性能的影响规律。结果表明,HyPer可以与TPU中的氨基甲酸酯形成分子间氢键,显著提高了TPU中羰基峰的氢键化程度; 另外,HyPer的加入对TPU有显著的增塑作用,特性黏度降低,分子间活动能力增加,提高了TPU的结晶速率和结晶度;添加0.25 %（质量分数,下同）的HyPer降低了TPU的熔体黏弹性,有利于泡孔生长,发泡倍率提高30 %,而HyPer含量提高增强了 TPU的结晶度,结晶度的提高一方面可以促进泡孔成核,另一方面可以抑制泡孔生长,有利于泡孔密度的提高,泡孔尺寸的减小。     

陶瓷结合剂化学组成的计算与配方优化设计

本文利用计算机技术．对陶瓷结合剂化学成分进行精密计算．在此基础上，根据结合剂所需要的化学成分，采用数学模型精确优化设计出陶瓷结合剂配方(即各种原材料的配比)，文章介绍了上述算法具体实现方法，给出了算法模型和精确的程序语言描述，算法重点解决了误差放大．计算稳定性等工程计算问题，对实际系统运行样本数据进行了验证，同时，文章描述了算法所引用的数据库表的结构设计方法及提高数据库应用效率和灵活性的技巧；分析了整个软件系统模块组成，描述了系统功能。通过实际应用与测试．验证了该系统算法和软件系统的可用性，对研究开发新型陶瓷结合剂具有重要指导作用。     

Ceramic coating on ceramic with metallic bond coating

The change in structure and adhesion strength of the interface by heating in air has been investigated for a plasma- sprayed alumina coating on a ceramic substrate with a 50Ni- 50Cr alloy bond coating. A veined structure composed of NiO, NiCr ₂O₄, and NiAl₂O₄ oxides grew from the bond coating into cracks or pores in the top coating and the alumina substrate after heating at 1273 K for 20 h in air. The NiAl₂O₄ spinel may have formed by the oxidization of nickel, which subsequently reacted with the alumina coating or the substrate. The mechanism of the penetration of the spinel oxides into the cracks or pores is not clear. The adhesion strength of the coating is increased to about 15 MPa after heating at 1273 K for 20 h in air, compared to an as- sprayed coating strength of only 1.5 MPa.     

Self-assembled monolayers of p-toluene and p-hydroxymethylbenzene moieties adsorbed on iron by the formation of covalent bonds between carbon and iron atoms for protection of iron from corrosion

An iron electrode was modified by electrolytic reduction in deaerated acetonitrile solution of p-toluenediazonium tetrafluoroborate CH₃C₆H₄N₂BF₄ (TDFB) or p-hydroxymethylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate HOCH₂C₆H₄N₂BF₄ (HOTDFB) below 10 °C to form a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of toluene CH₃C₆H₄- or hydroxymethylbenzene HOCH₂C₆H₄- (HOMB) moiety, probably adsorbed on the electrode by the formation of a covalent bond between carbon and iron atoms, as shown in references. The protective ability of the layer was examined by polarization measurement of the electrode in an aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution. The protective efficiencies of these two SAMs were not high, around 30%, a little higher than that of the toluenethiol CH₃C₆H₄SH SAM which was anchored on iron via a coordinate bond between sulfur and iron atoms. The iron surfaces modified with TDFB and HOTDFB were characterized by contact angle measurement, FTIR reflection spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The persistence in protection of iron against corrosion by coverage with the HOMB SAM was confirmed by polarization measurements after immersion in 0.5 M NaCl for a long period of the time.