Utilization of linseed cake as a postagricultural functional filler for poly(lactic acid) green composites

Linseed cake (LC), a byproduct of linseed oil extraction, is used as a functional filler for production of biodegradable composites. To determine the influence of residual linseed crude oil contained in lignocellulosic filler on the properties of the poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites with 5–30% filler content, two types of LC were analyzed: a defatted and an unmodified one. Complex analysis of the composites' properties change was conducted in relation to their structure modification caused by the addition of a waste filler. It was found that the addition of LC resulted in simultaneous plasticization and improved crystallization of PLA. Lignocellulosic particles and crude linseed oil contained in the LC powder provided a modifying effect, influencing the level of crystallinity and mechanical and thermomechanical properties. Using LC may thus overcome one of the main drawbacks of PLA, which is brittleness and low crystallinity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47152.     

Performance tests of catalysts for the safe conversion of hydrogen inside the nuclear waste containers in Fukushima Daiichi

The safe decommissioning as well as decontamination of the radioactive waste resulting from the nuclear accident in Fukushima Daiichi represents a huge task for the next decade. At present, research and development on long-term safe storage containers has become an urgent task with international cooperation in Japan. One challenge is the generation of hydrogen and oxygen in significant amounts by means of radiolysis inside the containers, as the nuclear waste contains a large portion of sea water. The generation of radiolysis gases may lead to a significant pressure build-up inside the containers and to the formation of flammable gases with the risk of ignition and the loss of integrity.In the framework of the project “R&D on technology for reducing concentration of flammable gases generated in long-term waste storage containers” funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), the potential application of catalytic recombiner devices inside the storage containers is investigated. In this context, a suitable catalyst based on the so-called intelligent automotive catalyst for use in a recombiner is under consideration. The catalyst is originally developed and mass-produced for automotive exhaust gas purification, and is characterized by having a self-healing function of precious metals (Pd, Pt and Rh) dissolved as a solid solution in the perovskite type oxides. The basic features of this catalyst have been tested in an experimental program. The test series in the REKO-4 facility has revealed the basic characteristics of the catalyst required for designing the recombiner system.     

沿空留巷技术在缓倾斜煤层炮采工作面开采中的应用

介绍了唐洞煤矿在缓倾斜炮采工作面应用砌筑矸石墙和留小护巷煤柱2种留巷方式的工程实践,阐述了2种留巷方式的工艺流程和要求,采用极限平衡理论计算得到2244工作面顺槽合理的最小煤柱宽度为2.8m.通过对留巷工艺巷道变形的监测及掘进工期、煤炭回收率的计算分析,结果表明,这2种沿空留巷技术能有效的控制巷道的变形,在矿井生产中能实现减少巷道掘进工程量、缓解采掘接替压力、提高煤炭回收率,取得了显著的技术经济效益;为类似条件的煤矿沿空留巷提供了有益的借鉴.     

A new flexible and reliable IVF-TOPSIS method based on uncertainty risk reduction in decision making process

One of the challenging and famous types of MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) problems that includes both quantitative and qualitative criteria is Facility location selection problem. For the common fuzzy MCDM problems (Type-1 fuzzy MCDM problems), the ratings of alternatives with respect to the criteria or/and the values of criteria weights, are expressed by the common fuzzy numbers. However, in the majority of cases, determining the exact membership degree for each element of the fuzzy sets which are considered for the ratings of alternatives with respect to the criteria or/and the values of criteria weights as a number in interval [0,1], is difficult. In this situation, the ratings of alternatives with respect to the criteria or/and the values of criteria weights, are expressed by the IVFNs (Interval Valued Fuzzy Numbers) and thereby the IVF-MCDM (Interval Valued Fuzzy MCDM) methods should be used. In this paper, the authors propose an IVF-TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method based on uncertainty risk reduction in decision making process. By using this method, the reliability of the captured decisions in an IVF decision making problem is significantly increased. The proposed method is applied for solving a real application problem related to selecting a suitable location for digging some pits for municipal wet waste landfill in one of the largest cities in Iran. The proposed method is also compared with another IVF-TOPSIS method. As a result, the authors concluded that in addition to benefits such as simplicity and ease of use that exist in the previous IVF-TOPSIS methods, the proposed method has a significant reliability and flexibility and is practical for facility location selection problems and other IVF-MCDM problems.     

A multiobjective GRASP–VND algorithm to solve the waste collection problem

In this paper, the waste collection problem (WCP) of a city in the south of Spain is addressed as a multiobjective routing problem that considers three objectives. From the company's perspective, the minimization of the travel cost is desired as well as that of the total number of vehicles. Additionally, from the employee's point of view, a set of balanced routes is also sought. Four variants of a multiobjective hybrid algorithm are proposed. Specifically, a GRASP (greedy randomized adaptive search procedure) with a VND (variable neighborhood descent) is combined. The best GRASP–VND algorithm found is applied in order to solve the real‐world WCP of a city in the south of Spain.     

Preliminary study of the use of spent diatomaceous earth from the brewing industry in clay matrix bricks

In this work the effect of spent diatomaceous earth (SDE), as pore forming or silica carrier, on the properties of clay ceramic bricks was investigated. Mixtures of clay and SDE waste were, compacted, dried and fired at 950°C during 6?h. The technological properties of waste-clay bricks were analysed to evaluate the influence of the waste incorporation. The SDE (1–5?wt-%) addition in the clay matrix causes a reduction between 6 and 12% of the bulk density compared with the control samples (only clay) which implies good insulating characteristics. In addition, the waste incorporation increases the water absorption within the range 4–31% and decreases the compressive strength between 12 and 26%. However, the incorporation of the waste is beneficial as no remarkable changes in the technological properties are observed. These results indicate that the waste has a predominant pore forming effect over a pore filling effect.     

化学分离法分析大型纸浆发电厂废渣中生物质底灰和飞灰成分(英文)

采用三步分离法,其中第一步用水,第二步用乙酸铵,第三步用盐酸,提取纸浆发电厂生物质飞灰和底灰的组分,以评估这些残渣的浸出行为。除了Mo、S、Na以及那些浓度低于检测范围的元素外,在这两种灰份中,对于其他元素这三种浸出剂的浸出能力从弱到强的顺序为:水、乙酸铵和盐酸。采用三步分离法处理的废渣中元素浓度比前期用BCR连续提取法得到的低。     

合金电缆在水泥余热发电行业的应用前景

当前,水泥行业产能过剩,经营形势较为严峻,水泥生产线配套的低温余热发电工程也面临着同样的经营形势,需要进一步的开源节流。因此,在电缆的使用上,可以适当打破以铜芯电缆为主的局面,在一定范围内采用合金电缆代替铜芯电缆。在保证使用性能的同时,不但可以节约铜资源,而且可以一定程度的降低工程成本。     

Production of bio‐energy from organic waste: effect of temperature and substrate composition

This article presents the influence of temperature and influent substrate composition on the produced biogas volume in an anaerobic co‐digestion process. Four cases of anaerobic digestion were considered. Digestion of waste sludge only and anaerobic co‐digestion of sludge mixed with solid waste in mesophilic (T = 35 °C) and thermophilic (T = 55 °C) phases. The obtained results show that thermophilic co‐digestion gives the best results; although the temperature has an effect on biogas production, it remains however quite relative compared to the effect of solid waste. They confirm, surely, that the combined effect of temperature and solid waste improves considerably the biogas production rate (GPR). Changing conditions from mesophilic to thermophilic ones for waste sludge alone and for waste sludge mixed with solid waste results in an increase of the GPR from 0.18 to 0.39 m³/m³.d and from 0.29 to 0.96 m³/m³.d, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.