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951.
952.
Jiaqi Li Xiaohui Chen Chengzhi Xu Kemei Wei 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2016,38(7):898-904
In this study, two continuous processes for biodiesel production, alkali catalyzed process and solid acid catalyzed process, are discussed with the help of Aspen Plus. By comparing some economic indicators, it can be found that solid acid catalysis could be a good choice for investors in the near future. 相似文献
953.
Cheng Cheng Hu Apostolos Giannis Chia-Lung Chen Jing-Yuan Wang 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2014
In order to enhance bio-hydrogen production from food waste, pretreatment methods are widely used. The influence of the initial pH and autoclaving were investigated in batch experiments. Fermentative studies showed that pure cultures like Clostridium beijerinckii could directly utilize raw food waste to produce hydrogen, while other cultures (Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium pasteurianum) could produce hydrogen only after pH adjustment. In this case, the optimal starting pH of the culture was found to be 7. Autoclaving could further enhance hydrogen yields due to increased hydrolysis of food waste. The maximum hydrogen yield was achieved by C. butyricum (38.9 mL-H2/g-VSadded) after autoclaving food waste with pH adjustment at 7. In addition, the ratio acetic to butyric acid was decreased by autoclaving pretreatment, because butyrate metabolic pathway was favored in the fermentation process. However, suitable pH for bacteria growth and the low ammonia production could be achieved from autoclaving food waste. 相似文献
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Preparation of chitosan-based flocculant for high density waste drilling mud solid–liquid separation
High performance flocculant was prepared by chitosan (CS), ethacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), and acrylamide (AM). The optimum preparation conditions were determined by orthogonal test of four factors and three levels. The different factors affecting the flocculating ability of the prepared flocculants for waste drilling mud were studied, and optimal synthesis conditions were established: polymerization temperature was 60, reaction time was 4 h, DMC was 3 mL, w(AM) : w(CS) was 4, and the initiator was 0.4% of AM (wt %). The prepared CS–AM–DMC copolymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that AM, DMC were grafted to CS successfully. The solid–liquid separation properties were also investigated, and the prepared flocculant showed great advantages than commercial products for high density waste drilling mud use. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 相似文献
957.
Punyama JayasingheKelly Hawboldt 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(1):798-821
Biofuels are derived from biomass using biochemical, thermochemical, and physical and chemical extraction processes. Waste oils from animal and vegetable sources continue to be important biomass feedstock due to the potential benefits over petroleum and some of the virgin vegetable oil based fuels. In this paper, the chemical, thermal, and physical properties of biofuels derived from virgin and waste sources are reviewed. In addition, the processes used for recovering bio-oils from animal fats (beef tallow, lard, and poultry waste) and greases, and purification and refining of bio-oils are discussed as well as the resulting performance as a fuel. Particular focus will be on production of biofuels from fish waste. The potential for biofuel from fish waste is a function of the location and size of the processing plant, type of fuel requirements, and characteristics of the fish waste. 相似文献
958.
角质酶能够水解可溶性酯、不溶性甘油三酯和各种聚酯,因此可以水解油墨中的连接料,有代替脂肪酶应用于废纸脱墨领域的潜能。利用角质酶和实验室复配得到的表面活性剂协同应用于混合办公废纸脱墨领域,探讨其脱墨效果和最优工艺,并与常用商业脂肪酶进行脱墨效果比较。结果表明,角质酶在酶用量10 U·g-1,酶处理时间30 min,酶处理温度50℃,表面活性剂用量0.2%的条件下可以达到最优效果。与脂肪酶/表面活性剂以及单独用表面活性剂脱墨相比,角质酶脱墨后纸页的白度与油墨去除率更高,纸页的机械强度也较好。通过纸页性能的对比和扫描电镜(SEM)观察,角质酶的脱墨效果较脂肪酶更佳,角质酶/表面活性剂体系对混合办公废纸脱墨效果较好。 相似文献
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960.