黑镍镀层的抗腐蚀性防护

装饰性黑镍镀层对手汗渍非常敏感,易形成汗渍性指纹腐蚀,经过反复且多年试验研制了专用的水性LP-1068A和溶剂型SP-2068A防汗渍性指纹的黑镍层电接触润滑保护剂,其作用是用汗手去抓拿处理后黑镍表面不会留下汗迹汗渍,防止钢铁和铝基体金属腐蚀,保护黑镀层不失光泽,并能充当镀镍后脱水材料（涂覆该材料后镀镍层有很好的疏水性）。并且保持和保护黑镍镀层固有的电气性能。试验表明：只有使用适当的多极性具有协同效应的保护材料才能起到防汗渍指纹的保护作用。     

Manganese‐Based Functional Nanoplatforms: Nanosynthetic Construction,Physiochemical Property,and Theranostic Applicability

Transition metal‐based nanoparticles have shown their broad applications in versatile biomedical applications. Although traditional iron‐based nanoparticles have been extensively explored in biomedicine, transition metal manganese (Mn)‐based nanoparticulate systems have emerged as a multifunctional nanoplatform with their intrinsic physiochemical property and biological effect for satisfying the strict biomedical requirements. This comprehensive review focuses on recent progress of Mn‐based functional nanoplatforms in biomedicine with the particular discussion on their elaborate construction, physiochemical property, and theranostic applicability. Several Mn‐based nanosystems are discussed in detail, including solid/hollow MnO_x nanoparticles, 2D MnO_x nanosheets, MnO_x‐silica/mesoporous silica nanoparticles, MnO_x‐Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, MnO_x‐Au, MnO_x‐fluorescent nanoparticles, Mn‐based organic composite nanosystem, and some specific/unique Mn‐based nanocomposites. Their versatile biomedical applications include pH/reducing‐responsive T₁‐weighted positive magnetic resonance imaging, controlled drug loading/delivery/release, protection of neurological disorder, photothermal hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, alleviation of tumor hypoxia, immunotherapy, and some specific synergistic therapies, which are based on their disintegration behavior under the mildly acidic/reducing condition, multiple enzyme‐mimicking activity, catalytic‐triggering Fenton reaction, etc. The biological effects and biocompatibility of these Mn‐based nanosystems are also discussed, accompanied with a discussion on challenges/critical issues and an outlook on the future developments and clinical‐translation potentials of these intriguing Mn‐based functional nanoplatforms.     

Ultrasmall Water‐Soluble and Biocompatible Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Positive and Negative Dual Contrast Agents

Monodispersed water‐soluble and biocompatible ultrasmall magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (UMIONs, D = 3.3 ± 0.5 nm) generated from a high‐temperature coprecipitation route are successfully used as efficient positive and negative dual contrast agents of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their longitudinal relaxivity at 4.7 T (r₁ = 8.3 mM^?1 s^?1) is larger than that of clinically used T₁‐positive agent Gd‐DTPA (r₁ = 4.8 mM^?1 s^?1), and three times that of commercial contrast agent SHU‐555C (r₁ = 2.9 mM^?1 s^?1). The transversal relaxivity (r₂ = 35.1 mM^?1 s^?1) is six times that of Gd‐DTPA (r₂ = 5.3 mM^?1 s^?1), half of SHU‐555C (r₂ = 69 mM^?1 s^?1). The in vivo results show that the liver signal from T₁‐weighted MRI is positively enhanced 26%, and then negatively decreased 20% after injection of the iron oxide nanoparticles, which is stronger than those obtained from Gd‐DTPA (<10%) using the same dosage. The kidney signal is positively enhanced up to 35%, similar to that obtained from Gd‐DTPA. Under T₂‐weighted conditions, the liver signal is negatively enhanced ?70%, which is significantly higher than that from Gd‐DTPA (?6%). These results demonstrate the great potential of the UMIONs in dual contrast agents, especially as an alternative to Gd‐based positive contrast agents, which have risks of inducing side effects in patients.     

皮革水性涂饰剂：产品,方法和问题

本文讨论了在皮革涂饰加工工序中,有机溶剂对环境造成的污染.并从涂饰剂种类、助剂和涂饰方法及设备选择的角度出发,论述了减少有机溶剂污染的方法及可能性.     

Determination of pistachio drying behaviour and conditions in a solar drying system

The main object of this study is to determine the drying behaviour and conditions of shelled and unshelled pistachio samples using both solar assisted and open sun drying. For each drying experiment, 100 g each of unshelled and shelled pistachio were used. The least‐squares method was applied to find the drying curve equation of pistachio. During the experiments, shelf temperatures, weight loss of pistachio, moisture content of air, and distribution of solar radiation were measured; and presented depending on the drying time. Also, the mass shrinkage ratios of shelled and unshelled pistachio samples were determined, and the experimental uncertainty ratio was calculated as 15–16.5 per cent based on the experimental results. It was deduced that the shelled and unshelled pistachio samples in the solar assisted forced convection dryer were perfectly dried at temperatures of 50±10°C in the time period of 6 h. Whereas, the samples in the open sun drying were not sufficiently dried at temperatures of 28±4°C in the same time period. Hence, it is suggested that the pistachio samples with approximately 29.0 per cent of moisture are dried in the solar assisted convection dryer at 50±10°C of temperature in the time period of approximately 6 h in order to protect from the negative climatic and environmental effects. However, it is not desirable to dry the pistachio samples in the open sun because of greater drying time, dirt, dust and harmful insects. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

喷雾干燥成型法制备催化裂化催化剂的球形度影响因素分析

分析了催化裂化催化剂喷雾干燥过程中的不同形貌微球成型机理,考察了喷雾干燥成型工艺和催化剂浆液特性对催化剂球形度的影响。结果表明,在热空气的进出口温差约为260 ℃、载气量为1 500~2 000 m3/h、雾化机转速为5 000~14 000 r/min的喷雾干燥成型条件下,催化剂球形度相对较高,不小于0.85;通过增加催化剂浆液总固物质量分数、降低浆液黏度、优化使用黏结剂的类型及其用量,有益于提升催化剂球形度;通过综合优化喷雾干燥成型工艺和催化剂制备过程,可制备出具有实心结构、表面圆整的微球催化剂,所制备的原位晶化催化剂和助催化剂的球形度均大于0.90,半合成催化剂的大于0.88。     

用于致密气提高采收率的储集层干化方法

基于广义水锁伤害机理及水锁解除方法研究,研制用于提高致密气采收率的干化剂并对其基础性能、注入方式、干化效果进行评价.结合室内实验研制出适用于不同类型致密储集层的干化剂体系,研究了干化剂的化学效应、热效应、抗盐作用、抗盐配方以及干化反应延迟作用机理与方法,测试了超临界CO2对干化剂体系的溶解与增溶特性,提出了干化剂超临界...     

Synthesis of Branched DNA Scaffolded Super‐Nanoclusters with Enhanced Antibacterial Performance

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) possess unique optical properties, and exhibit a wide variety of potential applications. DNA with robust molecular programmability is demonstrated as an ideal scaffold to regulate the formation of NCs, offering a rational approach to precisely tune the spatial structures of NCs. Herein, the first use of branched DNA as scaffold to regulate the formation of silver nanoclusters (super‐AgNC) is reported, in which the spatial structures are precisely designed and constructed. Super‐AgNC with tunable shapes and arm‐lengths including Y‐, X‐, and (Y–X)‐ shaped super‐AgNC is achieved. The molecular structures and optical properties of super‐AgNCs are systemically studied. As a proof of application, remarkably, super‐AgNCs exhibit superior antibacterial performance. In addition, super‐AgNCs show excellent biocompatibility with three types of tissue cells including 293T (human embryonic kidney cells), SMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells), and GLC‐82 (lung adenocarcinoma cells). These performances enable the super‐AgNCs adaptable in a variety of applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, and antibacterial agents.     

含水固形物干燥脱水蒸汽再利用专利技术工艺及设备

在无机盐产品生产过程中,中间产品和副产品通常需要进行干燥,文章对含水固形物干燥脱水蒸汽再利用工艺及设备进行了论述。并就干燥脱水蒸汽再利用专利工艺及设备对节省能源消耗进行了分析。     

低灰分血浆蛋白粉制备工艺优化

为有效利用动物血液,优化血浆蛋白粉的制备工艺,本文从分离、浓缩与喷雾干燥工艺出发,探讨了不同的离心转速和离心时间对血浆蛋白总浓度、血红蛋白残留量及收集率的影响,不同的超滤压力、p H对血浆蛋白粉水分、粗蛋白及灰分含量的影响,不同的进口温度和进料速率对血浆蛋白粉水分含量、粗蛋白、提取率及氮溶解指数的影响。结果表明:最佳离心条件为离心转速5000 r/min,离心时间10 min;最佳超滤条件为超滤压力0.6 MPa,血浆液p H为9;最佳喷雾干燥工艺为进口温度150℃,进料速率0.178 m L/s。经本工艺优化,血浆蛋白粉的灰分降至6%左右。本研究结果可为低灰分血浆蛋白粉生产与制备工艺的改进提供基础数据和参考。