我国绿色矿山建设的对策及建议探讨

绿色矿山的发展是生态文明建设核心理念在矿业领域中的具体实践,也是地矿行业推进生态文明建设的立足点和发展方向.生态本身就是生产力,保护生态就是发展生产力,而绿色矿山的建设是为了避免矿山生态结构持续恶化的重要措施.本文分析了我国绿色矿山建设的意义及矿山生态修复的难点,提出了建设绿色矿山的具体措施,主要有工程技术措施和生物措...     

An Ecological Perspective of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food Processing Facilities

Listeria monocytogenes can enter the food chain at virtually any point. However, food processing environments seem to be of particular importance. From an ecological point of view, food processing facilities are microbial habitats that are constantly disturbed by cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Although L. monocytogenes is considered ubiquitous in nature, it is important to recognize that not all L. monocytogenes strains appear to be equally distributed; the distribution of the organism seems to be related to certain habitats. Currently, no direct evidence exists that L. monocytogenes-associated biofilms have played a role in food contamination or foodborne outbreaks, likely because biofilm isolation and identification are not part of an outbreak investigation, or the definition of biofilm is unclear. Because L. monocytogenes is known to colonize surfaces, we suggest that contamination patterns may be studied in the context of how biofilm formation is influenced by the environment within food processing facilities. In this review, direct and indirect epidemiological and phenotypic evidence of lineage-related biofilm formation capacity to specific ecological niches will be discussed. A critical view on the development of the biofilm concept, focused on the practical implications, strengths, and weaknesses of the current definitions also is discussed. The idea that biofilm formation may be an alternative surrogate for microbial fitness is proposed. Furthermore, current research on the influence of environmental factors on biofilm formation is discussed.     

浅析以生态化过程为基础的农田防护林生态景观设计

本文从疏透度、防护距离、占地面积比等方面,对农田防护林的生态化过程进行了探讨,从季相、色彩、高度、分布四个要素,对农田防护林生态景观设计进行了分析,指出了农田防护林生态景观设计的发展方向以及本研究的不足之处。     

"南梅北移"简介——业绩与展望

梅(Prunus mume)是我国的传统名花和嘉果.历史上,梅树曾广泛分布于黄河流域,自唐末以后,我国冬半年气温降低,其适生区域移至秦岭、淮河以南."南梅北移"的尝试从元末就已开始,但多是保护地栽培.陈俊愉等用直播育苗、实生选种的方法选育出的‘北京小'梅和‘北京玉蝶'2个品种在1962-1964年春天在北京露地开花,开创了"南梅北移"的先河.自1986年起,已在熊岳、北京、赤峰、太原、包头、呼和浩特、延安、兰州、西宁、沈阳、长春、公主岭、大庆、乌鲁木齐等地进行过区域试验,参试品种共计22个.总结抗寒梅花迁地驯化的经验,关键是在顺应植物本性,满足其最低生长发育条件的基础上,步步深入,抓紧某些关键时期,给予"斯巴达"锻炼.植物的迁地驯化应以主导生态因子为导向,梅树在三北地区露地越冬闲难,是干旱、低温、大风和温度的骤变等多种逆境共同作用的结果,而绝对低温和生理干早则是其主导的生态因子.     

高校生态校园构建研究——以曲阜师范大学日照校区为例

我国高校在建设生态型校园的过程中普遍存在一些问题。通过实例,分析实际建设过程中存在的问题,根据生态校园建设所包含的内容,提出相应的构建原则;在此基础上指出,生态校园建设应从社会、经济、文化、教育、技术等方面全面进行,实现可持续发展。     

基于生态观的陕北黄土高原城镇空间形态演化

通过对陕北黄土高原人居环境空间形态演化现状特点的分析,借鉴景观生态学等相关研究成果,对快速城市化和全面注重生态环境保护与建设背景下,陕北城镇空间形态演化的合理生态途径,进行了初步探讨.     

基于“娱、农、景、绿”混合功能的滨海旅游区开发设计策略研究--以上海市奉贤区滨海地区为例

目前,滨海旅游区相关研究面临着如何应对旅游开发与生态环境保护的矛盾,使得彼此成为推动相互发展的内生动力的严峻现实。文章以上海市奉贤区奉贤碧海金沙——海湾森林公园北侧沿海地域为研究对象,结合景观资源评级,以生态保护为主题,提出基于“娱、农、景、绿”的混合功能开发策略,强调带动当地旅游经济效益、提高湿地的种群生态多样性等功能,为我国滨海旅游的可持续发展提供参考。     

基于生态系统服务价值的水源地生态补偿研究——以南水北调东线扬州市为例

生态补偿是协调区域经济发展和生态环境保护的重要机制,补偿标准的确定和补偿资金的分配是生态补偿的难题。文章基于生态系统服务价值法,利用GIS和遥感技术,分析了扬州市2010年、2015年和2018年土地利用类型和生态系统服务价值的变化,确立受水区生态补偿支付标准上限,引入生态补偿优先级（ECPS）对水源地各区补偿的迫切程度进行量化,并建立补偿资金分配机制。研究表明：1）2010-2018年扬州市土地利用结构变化显著,生态系统服务价值从553.58亿元降低到467.99亿元,其中水体和水田生态系统服务价值减少最为显著,占比90.38%;2）受水区应给予补偿的生态系统服务价值为20.91亿元,而支付标准上限为13.59亿元,二级服务水文调节价值占比80.02%,是补偿的核心;3）补偿顺序和补偿资金分配情况依次为高邮市（10.13亿元）、宝应区（5.08亿元）、邗江区（2.81亿元）、江都区（1.79亿元）、仪征市（0.93亿元）和广陵区（0.17亿元）。最后从明确补偿对象、建立监督机制、形成多元化补偿等角度提出相关建议,以期完善水源地生态补偿机制。     

跨行政区河流水环境生态补偿方法研究

现行的水环境区域补偿方案存在补偿要素和范围不全面、补偿标准制定不合理及不到位、滞后于经济社会和生态环境的动态变化等不足。针对以上问题,以江苏省常熟市为研究对象,对现行的水环境区域补偿办法进行改进,结合区域经济发展与水环境管理要求,以行政区划为基本单元,根据断面水质浓度、区域用水与排污量等考核指标,提出了综合跨界断面水质类别、过量用水与超标排污等多要素的动态化阶梯水环境生态补偿测算方法。上述方法适用于跨区域之间及区域内,旨在解决现行补偿方案中存在的问题,使补偿标准更为科学合理,从而提升水环境治理水平和效果,促进水生态环境可持续发展。     

Limits to the evolution of dispersal kernels under rapid fragmentation

Adaptive evolution of dispersal strategies is one mechanism by which species can respond to rapid environmental changes. However, under rapid anthropogenic fragmentation, the evolution of dispersal may be limited, and species may be unable to adequately adapt to fragmented landscapes. Here, we develop a spatially explicit model to investigate the evolution of dispersal kernels under various combinations of fragmentation dynamics and initial conditions. We also study the consequences of modelling an evolutionary process in which dispersal phenotypes continuously and gradually shift in phenotype space in a manner corresponding to a polygenic underlying genetic architecture. With rapid fragmentation rates, we observed the emergence of long-term transient states in which dispersal strategies are not well suited to fragmented landscapes. We also show that the extent and length of these transient states depend on the pre-fragmentation dispersal strategy of the species, as well as on the rate of the fragmentation process leading to the fragmented landscape. In an increasingly fragmented world, understanding the ability of populations to adapt, and the effects that rapid fragmentation has on the evolution of dispersal, is critical for an informed assessment of species viability in the Anthropocene.