实施分销库管理的一些做法

介绍了中国石化山西阳泉石油分公司实施市县石油公司一体化管理体制的工作经验。其具体做法是：采取措施使思想、业务流程和服务与之接轨，开展创省级“青年文明号”活动和加强企业文化建设；实施两级绩效考核，工资与油品吞吐量挂钩；坚持以人为本，长短结合，立足基础，整体提升；用抓好培训、责任和制度的落实及监管，来强化基础管理的效果。     

电子电气设备的熔断器、断路器保护

熔断器、断路器是电子电气设备最常用的保护电器,熔断器可以实现过载、短路保护,断路器除具上述功能外,还能实行失压保护.根据线路特点和所保护的设备,采取相应的保护设施,确保用电安全.     

土质边坡稳定分析中条分法与有限元法的比较

对比分析了土质边坡稳定性计算中条分法和有限元法的特点，讨论了在有限元法中边坡稳定系数的计算方法，并针对铜钟水电站库区左岸滑坡分别采用条分法和有限元法研究其稳定性，计算结果表明两种计算方法得到的滑坡稳定系数规律相同，但条分法计算值一般大于有限元值，反映出条分法中部分基本假设与实际情况存在一定差异。     

含腐蚀凹坑尿素合成塔的安全评定与分析

对尿素合成塔上封头腐蚀凹坑采用中国SAPV-95和美国API579规范分别进行安全评定，给出安全裕度，简略分析安全评定的结果。     

用有限元确定起重机裂纹补强板的参数

采用ANSYS有限元分析软件，对因出现裂纹的起重机主梁而添加的补强板进行系列计算，得出修补后主梁裂纹的应力及应力强度因子的变化规律。结果表明，采用参数适当的补强板，可降低起重机主梁裂纹尖端的应力，从而保证起重机的安全。     

圆锥面无键联接技术在重型冷剪机中的应用

本文对圆锥面无键联接技术进行了介绍，并以冷剪机为背景对圆锥面无键联接技术进行了具体的探讨，阐明了设计计算过程、装拆工艺方法及安全注意事项等。     

Bridge design with reserve and residual reliability constraints

System reliability is evolving as an important design method for selecting components and topology. It should be used to investigate the original intact structure behavior as well as providing sufficient reserve capacity under likely accident and damage scenarios. Highway bridges are an area of special concern since effort to optimize the cost of construction may not provide adequate redundant capacity. The paper describes an example in which a typical girder bridge structure is optimized (both size and girder spacing) to achieve target system performance. System reliability constraints are imposed on the behavior of the intact structure under highway loads. Also, residual system reliability constraints are imposed to control safety under specified accident scenarios corresponding to damage and “lost” members due to corrosion, fatigue, fire or accidental collisions. An optimal design framework for controlling safety under all these life cycle situations is thus provided.     

Surveillance test policy optimization through genetic algorithms using non-periodic intervention frequencies and considering seasonal constraints

In order to maximize systems average availability during a given period of time, it has recently been developed a non-periodic surveillance test optimization methodology based on genetic algorithms (GA). The fact of allowing non-periodic tests turns the solution space much more flexible and schedules can be better adjusted, providing gains in the overall system average availability, when compared to those obtained by an optimized periodic test scheme. This approach, however, turns the optimization problem more complex. Hence, the use of a powerful optimization technique, such as GA, is required.Considering that some particular features of certain systems can turn it advisable to introduce other specific constraints in the optimization problem, this work investigates the application of seasonal constraints for the set of the Emergency Diesel Generation of a typical four-loop pressurized water reactor in order to planning and optimizing its surveillance test policy. In this analysis, the growth of the blackout accident probability during summer, due to electrical power demand increases, was considered. Here, the used model penalizes surveillance test interventions when the blackout probability is higher.Results demonstrate the ability of the method in adapting the surveillance test policy to seasonal constraints. The knowledge acquired by the GA during the searching process has lead to test schedules that drastically minimize test interventions at periods of high blackout probability. It is compensated by more frequent redistributed tests through the periods of low blackout probability in order to improve on the overall average availability at the system level.     

Accidents,often the result of an ‘uncontrolled business process’—a study in the (Dutch) chemical industry

Often companies in the (petro‐) chemical industry claim that all possible countermeasures against potential accidents have been taken and therefore accidents are unforeseeable. In this paper we question this statement by analysing the pre‐warning signals (precursors) preceding a number of industrial accidents. 17 accidents that occurred in the (petro‐) chemical industry have been investigated by exploring FACTS, an accident database containing information about industrial accidents worldwide. This paper will demonstrate that the existence of precursor information could have been used to foresee and even prevent these accidents if a proper control action had been initiated. The accidents are analysed further, according to a control model, which was adapted from that of C. Argyris. It demonstrates the ineffectiveness of several elements of business process control loops and that the so‐called ‘double‐loop learning’ cycle is more important than the ‘single‐loop learning’ cycle if one considers safety improvement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

薄管板换热器的设计及薄管板计算的探讨

结合化肥厂丁辛醇装置薄管板换热器的设计 ,着重分析薄管板的特点 ,应用合理的计算方法对薄管板进行强度校核 ,验证这一新型换热器的安全性和经济实用性