PEW包覆型稳定性高铁酸钾制备及性能研究

采用熔融搅拌分散冷凝法制备了聚乙烯蜡包覆型稳定性高铁酸钾,考察物料配比、搅拌速度和搅拌时间对包覆率的影响,用SEM和IR对包覆的高铁酸钾进行表征。结果表明:高铁酸钾可被聚乙烯蜡较好地包覆,在m(聚乙烯蜡)∶m(K_2Fe O_4)为5∶1、搅拌速度为600 r/min、搅拌时间为40 min的最佳制备条件下,包覆率可达90%以上;m(聚乙烯蜡)∶m(K_2Fe O_4)为3∶1~8∶1包覆品的10 d吸水率在0.67%~4%之间(25℃、湿度75%),远低于未包覆K_2Fe O_4的吸水率(39%)。K_2FeO_4在水中的释放规律符合η=ktn动力学模型(R20.97)。     

Bio-Wax Latex-Modified Paper as Antimicrobial and Water-Vapor-Resistant Packaging Material

Beeswax and carnauba wax latex particles grafted with antimicrobial agents polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride and polyhexanide were prepared by coupling reaction using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride as a coupling reagent. As a bifunctional agent for the surface treatment of paper the modified bio-wax latex improved the property of water-vapor resistance and antimicrobial activities of paper significantly after coating. Compared with the control sample the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the paper with coating weight of 12 g/m² was reduced significantly from 2788.8 g/m²/d to 222.0 g/m²/d (BW-Gly-PHGH) thus demonstrating excellent water vapor barrier performance. The shaking flask method was utilized to investigate the antimicrobial activity against E. coli. The results showed that antimicrobial performance was improved substantially when the amount of added modified bio-wax particles was higher than 20 mg/g fiber. The bacterial inhibition ring test indicated that the antimicrobial mode of the modified bio-wax particles was likely based on the contact mode.     

丙烯酸在石蜡微胶囊制备中的应用

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)和石蜡为原料,采用悬浮聚合法制备了石蜡/P(MMA-co-AA)相变储能微胶囊。研究了MMA与AA加入比例、油相与水相质量比等因素对石蜡微胶囊芯材含量等的影响,利用扫描量热仪(DSC)、电子显微镜(SEM)表征了所制备石蜡微胶囊的热性能、形貌等。结果表明:AA加入比例过大时,微胶囊易结块,不易形成微胶囊,微胶囊轮廓呈球形,其相变温度为27.21℃,相变潜热为81.58 J/g,芯材含量达到72.32%。     

石油醚提取褐煤蜡的条件选择及优化

以石油醚为萃取剂,对云南曲靖褐煤进行了褐煤蜡提取实验研究,采用单因素试验对褐煤蜡提取率影响因素进行选择,并用正交试验设计方法对提取条件进行了优化,对优化产物进行了酸值、皂化值测定。结果表明:对褐煤蜡提取率影响最大的因素是提取温度,其次是水分,提取时间影响最小。优化工艺为:含水量为6.32%,温度为45℃,时间为150min,料液比为1∶4。在此条件下提取率达到4.97%,产物酸值、皂化值分别为:46.95 mg KOH/g、62.03 mg KOH/g。     

Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oils and cuticular waxes from peppermint leaves

Essential oils and cuticular waxes were extracted from peppermint leaves with supercritical carbon dioxide in a semicontinuous-flow extractor. The effects of CO₂ flow rate and pressure on the extraction rate were studied within the flow rate range of (4·1–9·8) × 10⁻⁵ kg s⁻¹ and the pressure range of 10–30 MPa. Flow rate effect indicated that the intraparticle diffusion resistance was not dominant in this process. The extraction rate of cuticular waxes increased remarkably with the pressure, whereas that of essential oils was almost constant as compared with cuticular waxes. The concentration of cuticular waxes at the exit of the extractor was close to the solubility of triacontane while that of essential oils was much lower than the solubility of 1-menthol.     

Free chlorine fixation and the protective film in boundary lubrication

Wax chloride is an older type of additive which releases free chlorine when it is hydrolysed or when it is in conditions of boundary lubrication. The chlorine forms a protective film of ferro-chloride but, on the other hand, it severely rusts the iron, the main reason for its discontinuance since the 1960s. In this paper, epoxy plant oil is recommended as a means to absorb effectively and fix the free chlorine, then transform it into chlorohydroxyl oil and polyether. Rust corrosion can be controlled, and the absorbent transformed into a ferro-chloride protective film on the frictional surfaces of the iron during rubbing. The free chlorine can thus be transformed directly into a protective film. With a dynamic test for the reaction of absorption HCl, a friction test, an anti-rust test, electron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy analysis, the underlying principles and effects of chlorine fixation have been confirmed. This method has been applied to cold squeezing, and tested with EP industrial gear oil. The price of wax chloride is much less than the standard additive containing sulphur and phosphorus, and its properties are almost the same. It is concluded that wax chloride could still be viable for use in lubricants.     

特种蜡现状及其发展

本文介绍了国内外特种蜡的生产现状、品种及其应用,并对大庆发展特种蜡提出建设性意见。     

柴油低温流动性能改进剂的复配

制备了邻苯二甲酸单酰胺单铵盐和双酰胺极性含氮化合物,与EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯)或EVAP(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯共聚物)柴油低温流动性能改进剂复配,不但提高了柴油低温流动性能改进剂的降冷滤效果,而且改善了加剂柴油在低温下的抗蜡分层性能。     

The Effect of Addition of High-Melting Monoacylglycerol and Candelilla Wax on Pea and Faba Bean Protein Foam-Templated Oleogelation

Use of oleogels prepared from hydrocolloids has recently gained considerable attention as an alternative for trans and saturated fats. Lately, pulse proteins such as faba bean protein and pea protein have been successfully used to prepare oleogels using a foam-templated approach. Although the pulse proteins are healthy oleogelators, high oil loss and low quality of cake baked using pulse protein-stabilized oleogels due to its poor rheological properties challenged its use. The present study explored whether the addition of small amount of high-melting monoglyceride (MAG) or candelilla wax (CW) can be used to improve the oil binding capacity, rheological properties, and baking qualities of pulse protein-stabilized oleogels composed of 5% faba bean or pea protein concentrate with 0.25% xanthan gum foams. Different concentrations (0.5–3%) of MAG or CW were dissolved in canola oil at 80 °C, followed by addition into the freeze-dried protein-polysaccharide foams (pH 7) and quickly transferred to a refrigerator to facilitate the formation of oleogels. The crystallized additives were found to be reinforcing the protein foam network in the oleogels. With increase in concentration of CW and MAG, the oil binding capacity, firmness, cohesiveness, and storage moduli of the oleogels were increased. Oleogels with and without MAG or CW were then characterized and tested for their performance as a shortening replacer in model baked cakes. Findings showed improved textural properties of cake upon addition of MAG in the foam-templated oleogels, however, compared to the shortening, negative effect on cake hardness and chewiness was still observed with the oleogels.     

Effects of solid lubricants in backward extrusion

In the present paper, some solid lubricants were tested in backward extrusion friction tests with flat-headed punches using aluminium at room temperature. The results showed that anti-seizure ability was improved when wax was added to the solid lubricant samples. In addition, a water-based graphite lubricant and an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) lubricant were tested using aluminium workpieces heated to 500°C. The lubricity of the UHMW-PE lubricant was found to be superior to that of the graphite lubricant.