不锈钢板料塑性成形摩擦机理的研究

介绍了不锈钢板料在塑性成形时的摩擦特点以及润滑剂在不锈钢材料和模具表面的成膜原理。对不锈钢板料在中、高接触压力下的滑动摩擦机理进行了试验研究，比较了使用不同润滑剂时，不锈钢板料塑性成形的摩擦状况。     

线型聚能切割器在工程爆破中的应用研究

以线型聚能装药切割器技术在某爆破工程中应用的实例,分析了线型聚能射流切割目标的原理及影响因素,提出了对于一般常用钢构件材料条件下工程爆破采用线型聚能切割器的参数设计方法,进而展望了此器材在工程爆破中应用的发展前景.     

The determination of flesh productivity and protein components of some fish species after hot smoking

Chemical changes in pike perch (Sander lucioperca L Kottelat 1997), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss WALBAUM 1792) and eel (Anguilla anguilla L 1766) after hot smoking were investigated. Some differences in water, protein, lipid, ash and carbohydrate contents of the fish were established as significant (P < 0.01). The flesh productivity of fresh eel and pike perch was found to be very high. Differences in group averages of total microprotein content of fresh, smoked and stored eel, rainbow trout and pike perch were found to be significant (P < 0.01). Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis, 18 protein bands in rainbow trout, 12 bands in pike perch and 14 bands in eel were determined. Most of the bands disappeared after smoking and storage owing to denaturation of the fish proteins. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Food risk characterization from exposure to persistent organic pollutants and metals contaminating eels from an Italian lake

Monitoring environmental contaminants in edible animal species is important for the assessment of environmental quality and for food safety as well. In this study, the occurrence of 2,3,7,8 dioxins, and furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, six non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl indicators (ndl-PCBs), seven polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and four metals (As, Hg, Ni, Pb) was evaluated in 90 European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from Lake Garda. The results on eel samples showed a frequent contamination of dl-PCBs, found at concentrations higher than the maximum limit (ML) provided by European Union in 41 % of the eels. Two PBDE congeners (BDE 47 and BDE 99) were detected in almost all the samples. The contamination by PAHs was found negligible; only one sample had a high concentration of benzo[a]pyrene. Concerning metals, Pb showed concentrations higher than the maximum level (ML) in 77% of the samples, while Ni content could be a cause of acute toxicity due to dermatitis. Extreme consumers (95th percentile) are subjected to an actual risk attributable to dioxins, furans, and mainly dl-PCBs and PBDEs. The contamination of Lake Garda eels is therefore a matter of concern and a constant monitoring of the pollution levels of its freshwater is mandatory.     

出口鳗鱼中硫丹残留量的GC分析及GC/MS确证

建立了出口鳗鱼中硫丹残留量的气相色谱检测和气相色谱-质谱确证方法。样品经乙腈提取、弗罗里硅土柱净化后,以气相色谱检测,利用气相色谱-质谱进行阳性结果的确认。在0.002～0.010mg/kg添加水平,回收率在65%～102%之间,变异系数在0.9%～6.3%之间。以S/N=3计算,方法最低检出限为0.002mg/ kg。该法简便、灵敏、准确,适用于出口鳗鱼中硫丹残留量的分析。     

Lipid and fatty acid compositions differentiate between wild and cultured Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)

The lipid profile and fatty acid composition of muscle, liver, and plasma lipoprotein were examined in wild and cultured Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Although, the muscle lipid levels of wild eels (11.6%) were less than those of cultured eels (13.1%), both eels were classified as typical fatty fish. Compared with the liver lipid composition of cultured eels, triacylglycerol (TG) level of the liver decreased in wild eels, whilst phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels of the liver increased in wild eels, reflecting the difference of liver lipid levels in both eels. Wild eels contained more cholesteryl ester (CE) and less TG, phospholipid, and free cholesterol in their plasma than cultured eels. The ratio of TG to CE decreased, whilst that of CE to total cholesterol increased in the plasma of wild eels. Different fatty acid compositions were found between wild and cultured eels. Compared with the fatty acid compositions of cultured eels, wild eels contained high percentages of 18:2, 18:3, and 20:4 and low percentages of 22:6, 20:1, and 20:5 in their muscle, liver, and plasma lipoprotein. The lipid profile and fatty acid composition seemed to be useful criteria for distinguishing between wild and cultured eels.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定河豚鱼和鳗鱼中 9种青霉素类抗生素

目的 建立高压液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-MS-MS)同时测定河豚鱼和鳗鱼中9种青霉素残留量的检测方法。方法 样品经乙腈-氨水溶液提取后, 用C18色谱柱分离, 乙腈-乙酸为流动相梯度洗脱, 最后采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱在正离子多反应监测模式下测定。结果 在1.0~20 μg/kg(LOQ~10LOQ)范围时, 方法线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.999。在LOQ、2 LOQ、4 LOQ、10 LOQ四个添加水平下青霉素的回收率在81.4%~109.7%之间, 相对标准偏差2.81%~7.12%之间, 方法检出限是: 萘夫西林、青霉素 G、哌拉西林、青霉素 V、苯唑西林为1.0 μg/kg; 阿莫西林、氨苄西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林为2.0 μg/kg。结论 此方法灵敏度高, 准确性好, 适用于水产品中青霉素的定量检测。     

烤鳗酱油国产化的开发及应用

近年来，我国冻烤鳗业发展迅速，为降低所需主要原料——烤鳗酱油的生产成本，该文从配方、生产工艺和烤鳗酱油的风味特点等方面作了论述，列出了烤前用和烤后用酱油所需原材料的具体配方。     

美洲鳗调味烤制技术的研究

为改变目前烤鳗市场产品单一的现状,丰富鳗鱼加工品种,该文以美洲鳗鲡为原料,通过单因素试验(烘干时间、烤制温度、烤制时间、腌制时间)和调味料配方的正交试验,研究一种部分脱水的调味烤鳗的生产工艺。结果表明,调味烤鳗适宜的工艺条件是鳗鱼切段后,经过盐2%、糖2%、味精0.5%、五香粉4%、料液比1∶2(g/mL),4℃下腌制1 h,45℃烘干0.5 h,然后在170℃烤制8 min。按此工艺加工的调味烤鳗感官质量好,加工工艺简单,工艺稳定,过氧化值符合国家卫生标准,可为烤鳗实际生产提供借鉴。     

一起雪卡毒素中毒事件中裸胸鳝毒性的研究

目的研究厦门一起引发食物中毒的裸胸鳝毒性及种类,以预防雪卡毒素中毒。方法对中毒事件进行流行病学调查,采集裸胸鳝样品共5份,采用小鼠生物法、雪卡毒素免疫膜检测试剂盒检测毒性大小,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定太平洋雪卡毒素(P-CTX-1),同时提取中毒鱼肉组织中的mtDNA,PCR技术扩增细胞色素b(Ctyb)后测序鉴定中毒鱼种。结果小鼠生物法试验检测5份样品,鱼肉毒性为无毒性(ND)～0.052 MU/g,内脏毒性为ND～0.23 MU/g;高效液相色谱-串联质谱法未检出P-CTX-1。5种鱼种经鉴定均为裸胸鳝属(Gymnothorax),其中中毒鱼种经基因测序为波纹裸胸鳝(Gymnothorax undulates)。结论引发该起食物中毒的是一种含有雪卡毒素的波纹裸胸鳝。