Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Hard Clams (Mercanaria mercanaria) by High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and the Effect of HHP on the Physical Characteristics of Hard Clam Meat

Shellfish may internalize dangerous pathogens during filter feeding. Traditional methods of depuration have been found ineffective against certain pathogens. The objective was to explore high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) as an alternative to the traditional depuration process. The effect of HHP on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in live clams (Mercanaria mercanaria) and the impact of HHP on physical characteristics of clam meat were investigated. Clams were inoculated with up to 7 log CFU/g of a cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus strains via filter feeding. Clams were processed at pressures ranging from 250 to 552 MPa for hold times ranging between 2 and 6 min. Processing conditions of 450 MPa for 4 min and 350 MPa for 6 min reduced the initial concentration of V. parahaemolyticus to a nondetectable level (<10¹ CFU/g), achieving >5 log reductions. The volume of clam meat (processed in shell) increased with negligible change in mass after exposure to pressure at 552 MPa for 3 min, while the drip loss was reduced. Clams processed at 552 MPa were softer compared to those processed at 276 MPa. However, all HHP processed clams were found to be harder compared to unprocessed. The lightness (L*) of the meat increased although the redness (a*) decreased with increasing pressure. Although high pressure‐processed clams may pose a significantly lower risk from V. parahaemolyticus, the effect of the accompanied physical changes on the consumer's decision to purchase HHP clams remains to be determined. Practical Application : Shellfish may contain dangerous foodborne pathogens. Traditional methods of removing those pathogen have been found ineffective against certain pathogens. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on V. parahaemolyticus in clams. Processing conditions of 450 MPa for 4 min and 350 MPa for 6 min reduced the initial concentration of V. parahaemolyticus to a nondetectable level, achieving >5 log reductions.     

造纸工业漂白E段废水脱色处理

本文将微电解技术应用于漂白E段废水的脱色处理,并讨论其影响因素.实验结果表明:在曝气条件下,调节进水pH值为3,控制反应停留时间20min,调节反应后中和沉淀pH值都为10,废水色度的去除率达到90%,微电解处理可以获得较好的脱色效果.     

聚丙烯腈/醋酸纤维素/TiO2复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其光催化降解性能

为研究碱改性前后复合纳米纤维膜的光催化降解性能,首先利用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈/醋酸纤维素/二氧化钛(PAN/CA/TiO₂)复合纳米纤维膜,依次用0.05、0.10 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液对其进行碱处理,制得聚丙烯腈/再生纤维素/二氧化钛(PAN/RC/TiO₂)复合纳米纤维膜,并应用于染料废水处理。借助扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪及接触角测量仪等手段表征了复合纳米纤维膜的结构与亲水性;同时研究了复合纳米纤维膜的力学与光催化降解性能。结果表明:经碱处理后,复合纳米纤维膜的静态接触角由125.30°减小到10.20°,亲水性能得到很大的改善;PAN/RC/TiO₂复合纳米纤维膜对亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的降解率达到91.2%,而空白对照样对MB溶液的降解率仅为10.1%,且重复使用3次后,复合纳米纤维膜对MB溶液的降解率仍达74.7%。     

超高压结合酶法消减南美白对虾蛋白过敏原研究

以南美白对虾为研究对象,提取水溶性虾蛋白,采用超高压法、超高压处理后再用木瓜蛋白酶水解、超高压下直接酶解等方法消减其过敏原蛋白,用间接酶联免疫吸附法检测过敏原消减效果,确定消减过敏原的条件。结果表明：采用超高压法处理,其最佳条件为压力150MPa、温度45℃、保压时间35min,产物抗原抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.1997;高压结合木瓜蛋白酶水解法最佳条件为：350MPa、温度45℃、保压时间20min,产物抗原抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.0492;超高压下直接用木瓜蛋白酶处理,其最佳条件为：压力300MPa、温度45℃、保压时间35min,产物抗原抗体反应的OD492nm值为0.05。由此可见,高压对过敏原蛋白有消减作用,先高压再水解和超高压下直接酶处理对过敏原的消减效果更好。     

聚丙烯织物的涂料印花

涂料印花适用于各类纤维的染色。等离子处理可解决涂料印花用于聚丙烯织物时的色牢度问题，通过试验证明等离子处理的作用。     

采后处理与贮藏条件对柑贮藏效果的影响

通过对椪柑贮藏历年来的相关实验研究,即预贮、包装等不同的采后处理方法并结合砃峦ǚ缈夂屠淇庵兄?藏结果观测比较,找出了不适宜椪柑果实贮藏的采后处理方式和利于其贮藏的某些方法、设施。常温通风预贮预冷显著好于冷库冷风预冷;无论在常温通风库还是冷库中贮藏75d以上,单果包装均显著好于打蜡处理。正交实验进一步明确了包果袋宜薄不宜厚,预贮时间较长为宜。     

保温后熟及陈酿条件与玫瑰醋色泽形成的相关性研究

研究引入了色率、黄色指数、红色指数、玫瑰紫指数的概念,建立了对玫瑰醋色泽进行量化评价的方法。即将食醋稀释50％后,5000r／min离心30min,取上清液分别测其在波长460nm、510nm、530nm、610nm处的吸光度值,分别用10&#215;lg（OD460nm／OD610nm）、10&#215;lg（OD510nm／OD610nm）、10&#215;lg（OD530nm／OD610nm）、OD610nm&#215;20000／0．076来表示食醋的黄色指数、红色指数、玫瑰醋紫指数和色率,并用这种方法评价了保温后熟及保藏条件对食醋色泽的影响。通过试验发现在试验设计的保温时间范围内,色率随保温时间的增加呈下降趋势;黄色指数、红色指数、玫瑰紫指数随着保温时间缓慢增大;常温保藏比4℃保藏样品的色率更高,而黄色指数、红色指数、玫瑰紫指数则是4℃保藏样品比常温保藏的高。     

喷射蒸煮水热处理提升大豆分离蛋白乳化性的研究

该文使用喷射蒸煮水热反应器进行大豆蛋白糖基化反应,在高温、高压的水热条件下,蛋白质与小分子单糖及双糖进行Mailard反应,生成共价复合物.结果显示生成的复合物比大豆蛋白乳化活性有所提升,其在高温、高盐的条件下乳化活性的变化较小.     

Heat-moisture treatment of high-amylose corn starch increases dietary fiber content and lowers plasma cholesterol in ovariectomized rats

ABSTRACT:  The effect of dietary high-amylose corn starch (HACS) of varying dietary fiber (DF) content on plasma cholesterol was examined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Gelatinized normal corn starch (G-CS) was used as a reference. OVX rats were fed a fiber-free purified diet containing G-CS, HACS, gelatinized high-amylose corn starch (G-HACS), or heat-moisture treated HACS (HM-HACS) at 400 g starch/kg diet for 21 d. The DF content of G-CS, HACS, G-HACS, and HM-HACS measured by the AOAC method was 0.1, 19.3, 2.4, and 64.5 g/100 g, respectively. The dry weight of cecal contents, cecal wall weight, the amount of short chain fatty acids in cecal contents, the amount of bile acids in small intestinal contents, and fecal excretion of neutral sterols increased logarithmically with increasing DF, while total plasma cholesterol concentration decreased. On the other hand, hepatic CYP7A1 activity, fecal dry weight, and fecal excretion of bile acids increased linearly with increasing DF, while body weight gain decreased. The hypocholesterolemic effect of HACS in OVX-rats appeared to be more effective by heat-moisture treatment.     

某地裂缝特征、成因及防治措施

地裂缝按其成因类型分构造裂缝和非构造裂缝，地裂缝是某地最大的地表地质灾害，迄今为止，已发现了5条地裂缝，它们均为活动裂缝，而且给当地人民造成很大的灾害，通过某地裂缝的现场多次调研，对裂缝的特征有了一定了解，在此基础上对其成因进行了初步研究，并提出了相应的处理措施，该裂缝的发展及其危害已引起了当地的高度重视。