Poly(vinylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PVT) exhibits functional properties, which have generated interest in the fabrication of PVT and composite films. New electrochemical strategies have been utilized for the deposition of PVT-zirconia composites. The problems, related to the electrodeposition of strong polyelectrolytes, such as PVT, were addressed by the development of charge compensation mechanisms. The deposition strategies involved electrophoretic cathodic deposition (EPD) of PVT and EPD or electrochemical synthesis of zirconia. The proof of concept investigations involved deposition yield studies under different conditions, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron microscopy studies. The electrochemical strategies can be used for electrodeposition of various composites, utilizing the properties of functional polymers and inorganic materials. 相似文献
Uniquely structured CoSe2–carbon nanotube (CNT) composite microspheres with optimized morphology for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) are prepared by spray pyrolysis and subsequent selenization. The ultrafine CoSe2 nanocrystals uniformly decorate the entire macroporous CNT backbone in CoSe2–CNT composite microspheres. The macroporous CNT backbone strongly improves the electrocatalytic activity of CoSe2 by improving the electrical conductivity and minimizing the growth of CoSe2 nanocrystals during the synthesis process. In addition, the macroporous structure resulting from the CNT backbone improves the electrocatalytic activity of the CoSe2–CNT microspheres by increasing the removal rate of generated H2 and minimizing the polarization of the electrode during HER. The CoSe2–CNT composite microspheres demonstrate excellent catalytic activity for HER in an acidic medium (10 mA cm?2 at an overpotential of ≈174 mV). The bare CoSe2 powders exhibit moderate HER activity, with an overpotential of 226 mV at 10 mA cm?2. The Tafel slopes for the CoSe2–CNT composite and bare CoSe2 powders are 37.8 and 58.9 mV dec?1, respectively. The CoSe2–CNT composite microspheres have a slightly larger Tafel slope than that of commercial carbon‐supported platinum nanoparticles, which is 30.2 mV dec–1. 相似文献
Effects of temperature and mean stress on fatigue behaviour of talc‐filled polypropylene (PP‐T) and short glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP‐G), polyamide‐66 (PA66), and a blend of polyphenylene ether and polystyrene (PPE/PS) were investigated. Load‐controlled fatigue tests were conducted under positive stress ratios (R = 0.1 and 0.3) and at several temperatures (T = 23, 85 and 120 °C). Larson–Miller parameter was used and a shift factor of Arrhenius type was developed to correlate fatigue data at various temperatures. Effect of mean stress on fatigue life was significant for some of the studied materials; however, for the PPE/PS blend no effect of mean stress was observed. Modified Goodman and Walker mean stress equations were evaluated for their ability to correlate mean stress data. A general fatigue life prediction model was also used to account for the effects of mean stress, temperature, anisotropy and frequency. 相似文献
Context: The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability.
Objective: The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. Central composite design (CCD) was adopted to optimize the formulation.
Materials and methods: The ophthalmic in situ forming gels were prepared by cold method. Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug.
Results and discussion: Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed Tmax, improved Cmax and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption.
Conclusion: According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration. 相似文献