产乳化活性多糖乳酸菌的筛选及其发酵荞麦酸面团、面包的特性

本研究从不同来源的原料中分离得到18株具有产胞外多糖(EPS)能力的乳酸菌,通过对比发酵液及乳酸菌荞麦酸面团的乳化活性,获得一株产EPS且乳化活性较高的乳酸菌,并应用于荞麦酸面团的制作。采用动态流变测定、激光共聚焦观察、质构分析等手段,研究其对荞麦酸面团面包烘焙学特性的影响。结果表明:优选产乳化性多糖的乳酸菌YC'-22经鉴定为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum strain HBUAS54017),且同源性为100%,EPS产量为1.63 g/L。通过添加乳酸菌荞麦酸面团,使面包面团的面筋网络结构得到强化。相比空白面包(CB),添加1.0%阿拉伯胶的荞麦面包(AGB)、荞麦酸面团面包(SDB)的比容分别增加了12.42%和14.08%,硬度分别降低了13.90%和22.87%;其中SDB面包整体可接受度最高,改善效果最明显。因此,产乳化性多糖的乳酸菌发酵的荞麦酸面团可以作为一种天然的面包功能配料。     

蛋白质热聚集行为机理及其对蛋白质功能特性影响的研究进展

蛋白质热聚集行为是食品加工过程中较常发生的现象。热处理条件会使蛋白质结构发生变化,引起蛋白质的理化性质的改变,从而导致蛋白质发生热聚集。热聚集体的大小、形态、界面性等直接影响蛋白质凝胶特性、溶解性、起泡性、乳化性等功能特性,从而影响富含蛋白质食品的品质。本文介绍了蛋白质热聚集行为的机理、分类和表征手段,重点综述了蛋白质热聚集行为的影响因素,及蛋白质热聚集行为对蛋白质功能特性的影响,为研究复杂蛋白质体系热聚集行为及对食品品质的影响提供理论基础。     

热处理对酶改性蛋黄液乳化性的影响及拉曼光谱分析

蛋黄液对热敏感,64 ℃左右开始变性形成凝胶,加工过程中的热处理会导致其乳化性质下降,限制了其在食品工业中的应用。因此,本实验研究不同热处理条件（60、65、70 ℃均处理4 min）对酶改性蛋黄液乳化性质及蛋白质结构的影响。结果表明：随着热处理温度的升高,蛋黄液的乳化活性呈现下降的趋势,所形成的乳化体系平均粒径表现出增大的趋势。同一热处理条件下,酶改性蛋黄液的乳化活性及乳化稳定性均显著高于未改性蛋黄液（P＜0.05）,酶改性蛋黄液所形成的乳化体系粒径明显减小,粒径分布更加接近正态分布。拉曼光谱分析结果显示,在不同热处理条件下酶改性蛋黄液中蛋白质二级结构发生变化,在65 ℃以下随温度升高α-螺旋结构相对含量显著升高,无规卷曲结构相对含量显著下降（P＜0.05）;其色氨酸残基、酪氨酸残基及脂肪族疏水基团较未改性蛋黄液更倾向于暴露。采用偏最小二乘法建立了基于拉曼光谱的蛋黄液乳化性质模型,结果表明蛋黄液中蛋白质二级结构及构象变化（特别是低密度脂蛋白的构象变化）对蛋黄液乳化性质影响最大。     

Casein Peptization, Functional Properties, and Sensory Acceptance of Processed Cheese Spreads Made with Different Emulsifying Salts

ABSTRACT:  " Requeijão cremoso " is a traditional Brazilian processed cheese spread, showing ample acceptance on the national market. Emulsifying salts (ES) are an important factor influencing the characteristics of processed cheeses, but the literature presents conflicting results about their action on cheese functionality.  Requeijão cremoso  obtained from anhydrous ingredients allows the study of the influence of each type of ES on the cheese properties, since it can be treated as a model system where the variables are limited and well known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of ES (TSC—sodium citrate, SHMP—sodium hexametaphosphate, STPP—sodium tripolyphosphate, and TSPP—tetrasodium pyrophosphate) on the sensory and functional characteristics of  requeijão cremoso -processed cheeses obtained from anhydrous ingredients. The physicochemical composition, degree of casein dissociation, fat particle size, melting index, color, texture profile, and sensory acceptance of the cheeses were determined. The functional behavior of processed cheeses was strongly influenced by the type of ES and its physicochemical properties including its ability to bind Ca, the casein dispersion during cooking, and the possible creation of cross-links with casein during cooling. The cheese made with SHMP was the one most differentiated from the others, presenting lower melting index, whiter color, and higher values for hardness, gumminess, and adhesiveness. The differences in texture had an impact on sensory acceptance: with the exception of the sample manufactured with sodium hexametaphosphate, all the samples presented good sensory acceptance.     

乳化剂替代部分油脂对黄鸡生产性能、屠宰性能及血清相关指标的影响

将288只黄鸡随机分为3个组,分别饲喂3种日粮:基础日粮、"基础日粮+乳化剂(0.5 kg/t)-0.5%油脂+0.45%玉米"和"基础日粮+乳化剂(1 kg/t)-1%油脂+0.9%玉米",研究添加不同水平乳化剂替代油脂对黄鸡生产性能、免疫器官指数、屠宰性能及血清相关指标的影响。结果表明:添加乳化剂同时减少油脂不影响黄鸡的生产性能,经济效益有所改善。对器官指数和屠宰性能无明显影响,改善了部分胴体指标;极显著降低了肝脏中甘油三酯的含量。     

Casein Hydrolysate Fractions Act as Emulsifiers in Process Cheese

ABSTRACT: Degrees of hydrolysis and emulsifying activity of casein hydrolysates were the highest at 4 h hydrolysis. The oil-off values of the mixture of hydrolysate (H) or supernatant (S) and traditional emulsifier (T) were not significantly different from the control made with traditional emulsifier, except for S + T = 3:1. Two other samples made with hydrolysate or supernatant only (H or S) showed higher oil-off value than the others (p < 0.05). In flavor property, no difference was found between samples made with traditional emulsifier and those made with the mixture of hydrolysate or supernatant at the ratio of 3 to 1. Therefore, these results indicated that a mixture of the hydrolysate or supernatant and traditional emulsifier might replace a traditional emulsifier in process cheese manufacturing.     

Physiochemical Properties of Polysaccharides Extracted from Tofu Processing Wastewater

ABSTRACT: Yield, gelation, viscosity, emulsifying properties, and sugar composition of polysaccharides extracted from tofu processing wastewater under acidic conditions at different temperature levels and incubation times were determined. Optimum extraction for water-soluble polysaccharides was at pH 1.5 and 100 °C over an incubation period of 6 hours. Extraction ratio (%) and yield of high-molecular-weight polysaccharides were higher at pH ranges of 1.5 to 3.0 with extraction temperatures of 80 to 100 °C. Most water-soluble polysaccharides extracted under strong acidic conditions and above 80 °C remained fluid, while most extracted within the range of 45 to 80 °C gelled. Pure polysaccharides exhibited better emulsifying properties than water-soluble polysaccharides. Apparent viscosities of water-soluble polysaccharides were dependent on sugar concentration.     

新型硅蜡乳液的制备

将蜂蜡用复合乳化剂乳化时加入自制的乳化助剂，制得稳定的蜡乳液，将该乳液与羟基蛙油乳液复配，制得乳白色略带蓝光硅蜡乳液，该硅蜡乳液用于绵羊服装革作顶层手感改善剂，除了获得油润的蜡感和滑爽感之外，还使成革具有抗菌和抗静电作用。     

造纸用施胶剂ASA及其配套乳化剂

介绍了造纸用施胶剂ASA的制备、性质 ,ASA配套乳化剂的制备 ,以及ASA在造纸施胶中的应用