污水复合深部调驱技术的室内研究

针对胜利渤南十区高温、高矿化度油藏地层条件,研制出利用油田污水配制的预交联颗粒／水驱流向改变剂／聚合物弱凝胶复合深部调驱体系。确定了弱凝胶体系最佳配方：HPAM浓度为1200—1800mg／L,交联剂浓度为300—600mg／L;该弱凝胶体系粘度保留率高,老化稳定性好。在油田污水中,水驱流向改变剂和预交联颗粒均具有良好的吸水膨胀性,在90℃下、104d内具有较好的老化稳定性。     

Kinetics and thermodynamic behavior of WO3 and WO3:P thin films

 There is a considerable interest in the research and development of materials and devices, that can be used for optical switching of large-scale glazings. Several potential switching technologies are available for glazings, including those based on electrochromic, thermochromic and photochromic phenomena. One of the most promising technologies for optical switching devices is electrochromism (EC). In order to improve the electrochromic properties of tungsten oxide, we have investigated the effect of phosphorous insertion on the electrochromic behavior of oxide films prepared by the sol–gel process.The kinetics and thermodynamics of electrochemical intercalation of lithium into Li_xWO₃ and Li_xWO₃:P films prepared by the sol–gel process were investigated. The standard Gibbs energy for lithium intercalation was calculated. The chemical diffusion coefficients, D, of lithium intercalation into oxide, were measured by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), as functions of the depth of lithium intercalation.     

水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料的水化C-S-H凝胶的长龄期特征

研究了掺50%矿渣的水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料3 a龄期的硬化浆体C-S-H凝胶特性,结果显示:3 a龄期时矿渣反应程度为68.3%,大部分小颗粒矿渣已反应,但许多大颗粒矿渣几乎未反应;长龄期时浆体中Ca(OH)2没有消耗殆尽,从SEM图像中可以发现Ca(OH)2大量存在;水泥-矿渣复合胶凝材料体系3 a龄期的C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si比、(Al+Mg)/Si比均值分别为1.88和0.60,相较于水泥生成的C-S-H凝胶,水泥-矿渣复合胶凝体系的C-S-H凝胶Ca/Si比较低,且含有大量Al。但Ca/Si比明显高于水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料生成的C-S-H凝胶。     

Hydrogel Microcapsules with a Thin Oil Layer: Smart Triggered Release via Diverse Stimuli

A hydrogel microcapsule with an intermediate thin oil layer is presented to achieve smart release of a broad range of cargoes triggered via diverse stimuli. A microfluidic technique is used to produce triple emulsion droplets with a thin oil layer that separates the innermost aqueous phase from the hydrogel prepolymer phase, which transforms into a hydrogel shell via photopolymerization. The intermediate oil layer within the hydrogel microcapsule acts as an effective diffusion barrier, allowing encapsulation of various small cargoes within a porous hydrogel shell until a stimulus is applied to destabilize the oil layer. It is demonstrated that diverse stimuli including chemical dissolution, mechanical stress, and osmotic pressure can be utilized to release the encapsulated cargo on-demand. In addition, osmotic pressure and the hydrogel shell thickness can be independently tuned to control the onset time of release as well as the release behavior of multi-cargo encapsulated hydrogel microcapsule. The release can be either simultaneous or selective.     

Mg_(0.15)Zn_(0.85)O:Tb合金薄膜的阴极射线发光性质研究

采用溶胶凝胶方法成功地制备了掺杂稀土铽离子的 Zn O和 Mg0 .1 5Zn0 .85薄膜。通过对 X射线衍射结果的分析表明 ,稀土离子替代了 Zn2 +的格位 ,进入了半导体基质的晶格中。从阴极射线发光结果可以发现 ,在Mg0 .1 5Zn0 .85O基质中 ,可以观察到来源于稀土铽离子各能级的发射 ,而 Zn O:Tb的薄膜只能观察到较强的铽离子 5D4 — 7F5能级的跃迁。这可能是由于 Mg0 .1 5Zn0 .85O基质的能隙 (3 .65 e V)比 Zn O更宽 (3 .3 e V) ,其对铽离子的能量传递更有效的缘故。     

CuAlO2 powder dispersed in composite gel electrolyte for application in quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells

The use of delafossite CuAlO₂ (CAO) powder as an additive in composite gel electrolyte (CGE) of the quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is first reported. In order to achieve an improvement of power conversion and long-term performance of the quasi-solid state DSSC, different contents of CAO powder containing in CGE, a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG), iodide/tri-iodide (I⁻/I₃⁻) liquid electrolyte (LE) and 4-tertbutylpyridine (4-tBP), were used in the present study. The photocurrent density–voltage characteristic (J–V curve) and photovoltaic performance parameters of the cells, such as the short-circuit current density (J_sc), open-circuit voltage (V_oc), power conversion efficiency (η) and fill factor (FF) were investigated. The CGE containing the dispersed CAO powder exhibited high ionic conductivity due to the charge diffusion through free channels. The power conversion efficiency of the quasi-solid state DSSC was significantly improved by adding CAO powder to the CGE. The optimum CAO powder content in the CGE was 0.05 wt%. In this research, the power conversion efficiency was 1.71 times of the LE and 2.85 times of the CGE with no CAO powder adding. The quasi-solid state DSSC based on the addition of CAO powder to CGE had long-term stability better than the normal DSSC based on the LE.     

Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells based on CNTs and Zr-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

The light scattering, harvesting and adsorption effects in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are studied by preparation of coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with TiO₂ and Zr-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles in the forms of mono- and double-layer cells. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that the phase composition of Zr-doped TiO₂ electrode is a mixture of anatase and rutile phases with major rutile content, whereas it is the same mixture with major anatase content for coated CNTs with TiO₂. Furthermore, the average crystallite size of Zr-doped TiO₂ electrode is slightly decreased with Zr introduction. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images show that the porosity of Zr-doped TiO₂ electrodes is higher than that of undoped electrode, enhancing dye adsorption. UV–visible spectroscopy analysis reveals that the absorption onset of Zr-doped TiO₂ electrodes is slightly shifted to longer wavelength (the red-shift) in comparison with that of undoped TiO₂ electrode. Moreover, the band gap energy of TiO₂ nanoparticles is decreased by Zr introduction, enhancing light absorption. It is found that electron injection of monolayer TiO₂ electrode is improved by introduction of 0.025 mol% Zr, resulted in enhancement of its power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 6.81% compared with 6.17% for pure TiO₂ electrode. Moreover, electron transport and light scattering are enhanced by incorporation of 0.025 wt% coated CNTs with TiO₂ in the over-layer of double layer electrode. Therefore, double layer solar cell composed of 0.025 mol% Zr-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles as the under-layer and mixtures of these nanoparticles and 0.025 wt% coated CNTs with TiO₂ as the over-layer shows the highest PCE of 8.19%.     

Failure Deformation and Stress Relaxation of Heated Egg White Gels

Stress-strain relationships were determined for heated egg white gels. Compressive strain at failure was independent of protein concentration, while stress at failure increased with protein concentration. Between the length ratios of 1.6 and 2.4 before and after compression, the heated egg white gels followed the Mooney Rivlin model. In stress relaxation, the asymptotic hypothetical equilibrium modulus increased with protein concentration.     

聚氨酯——聚丙烯酸酯复合聚合物乳液的研究

本文研究了几种聚氨酯——聚丙烯酸酯乳液复合的方法，制备了新单体N-（4’-甲基3’-二正丁脲基）苯基氨基甲酸内烯酰氧-2-丙酯，使其与丙烯酸酯类单体共聚，显著提高了聚合物的抗张强度，简单介绍了聚合物膜接技法，共混复合法和种子聚合法的实施方法，聚合物膜性能及粒子结构等有关研究内容，实验表明，用几种方法都可以获得综合性能好的复合聚合物乳液。     

备用电源用的阀控式胶体蓄电池

目前人们所熟知的备用电源用途阀控式铅酸蓄电池有两种技术,胶体电解质技术和AGM系统。两种系统与普通电池的区别在于使用了固态化的电解液,实现了氧的再化合。胶体式蓄电池比AGM结构电池的再化合速度低,因而其浮充电流小,产生的热量也比AGM的电池少许多。由于胶体电池的浮充电流小,还没有观察到在浮充条件下由于过热而导致热失控现象。讨论了工业用胶体蓄电池的气体释出和浮充寿命。用户十分希望不通过放电来辨别阀控式电池的健康状态,但到目前为止还未能实现。