Assessment of production efficiency,physicochemical properties and storage stability of spray‐dried chlorophyllide,a natural food colourant,using gum Arabic,maltodextrin and soy protein isolate‐based carrier systems

The aim of this research was to study spray drying as potential action to protect chlorophyllide from environmental conditions for shelf‐life extension and characterisation of the powders. Six formulations were prepared with 7.5 and 10 g of carrier agents [gum Arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MA) and soybean protein isolate (SPI)]/100 mL of chlorophyllide solutions. The powders were evaluated for morphological characteristics (SEM), particle size, water activity, moisture, density, hygroscopicity, cold water solubility, sorption isotherms, colour and stability, during 90 days. All the powders were highly soluble, with solubility values around 97%. A significant lower hygroscopicity was observed for GA powders, whilst the lower X_m values obtained by GAB equation fitting of the sorption isotherms was observed for the 7.5 g MA/100 mL samples. All formulations, but the 1 (7.5 g SPI/100 mL of chlorophyllide), provided excellent stability to the chlorophyllide during 90 days of storage even at room temperature.     

甘氨酸螯合铁脂质体制备及其体外释放的研究

为提高甘氨酸螯合铁的稳定性,采用薄膜-超声法制备了甘氨酸螯合铁脂质体。以包封率为指标,考察了胆固醇、芯材、吐温80的量和水相体积对脂质体的影响,得到了最佳的工艺条件为:胆固醇:芯材:吐温80:大豆卵磷脂=0.2:0.1:0.5:1(wt.:wt.:wt.:wt.),水相体积10mL;最大包封率为63.92%。体外释放结果显示,经过5h,脂质体在模拟胃液和模拟肠液中的释放率分别为24.05%和15.35%;因而,脂质体对芯材甘氨酸螯合铁有较好的保护及缓释效果。     

响应面法优化脂质体包埋辣椒红色素的研究

辣椒红色素是一种天然食用色素,有着安全、营养价值高的优点,但较差的稳定性限制了它在食品中的应用。利用脂质体技术包埋辣椒红色素可以提高它的稳定性。研究了辣椒红色素脂质体的制备过程中影响包封率的几个因素,并通过响应面分析方法优化了制备条件。结果表明:脂药比(卵磷脂∶辣椒红色素)、超声时间和有机溶剂加入量是影响包封率的主要因素,其中脂药比和超声时间影响显著。包封率较高的工艺条件为:脂药比22∶1(卵磷脂0.44g,辣椒红色素0.02g)、胆固醇0.03g、超声时间12min、有机溶剂加入量为25mL(氯仿/甲醇=2∶1,v/v)。在此条件下脂质体包封率为98.98%,误差0.16%,重复性较好。      

Valorisation of protein hydrolysates from animal by-products: perspectives on bitter taste and debittering methods: a review

Conversion of animal by-products to high value-added food ingredients is one of the top trends in the slaughter industry. Enzymatic hydrolysis of animal by-products can generate protein hydrolysates, which provides an opportunity for effective utilisation. However, bitterness of protein hydrolysate is a major undesirable aspect for various applications. In this review, the current knowledge on protein hydrolysates from animal by-products is briefly reviewed. The structural features of bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors are summarised. Moreover, the potential approaches for debittering protein hydrolysates are highlighted, including exopeptidase treatment, Maillard reaction, plastein reaction and encapsulation. In addition, the current debittering strategies and challenges are also discussed. This article presents some opportunities to utilise protein hydrolysates from animal by-products and their debittering methods.     

姜黄素的乳化和包埋及其应用研究进展

姜黄素是从姜科、天南星科中的一些植物的根茎中提取的一种化学成分,是植物界很稀少的具有二酮的色素。姜黄素作为我国允许使用的一种天然着色剂,具有一系列生物药理活性,但是其理化稳定性差、生物利用度低,往往需很大用量才能达到作用剂量,将其乳化包埋后不仅可以解决其溶解性的问题,还可以提高其生物利用率,应用前景十分广阔。该文通过总结国内外大量文献,阐述姜黄素的基本性质及其乳状液的基本性质和乳化包埋的方法,同时介绍姜黄素的创新应用,并对其发展前景作出展望。     

酚类物质运载体系研究进展

酚类化合物是一类广泛存在于植物体内且含有多个酚羟基的次生代谢产物,具有抗氧化、清除自由基、降血脂等多种生理活性。然而酚类物质存在难溶于水、见光易分解等问题,限制了其在食品行业的广泛应用。运载体系是一项常用的保护生物活性组分的技术,选择合适的运载体系对酚类物质进行包载,能够降低生物活性组分的降解速率,提高其在人体中的生物利用率。本文对现已存在的各类酚类物质运载体系及其制备方法进行综述,并对目前酚类物质运载体系研究中存在的问题和将来研究的重点进行总结和展望。     

Thermally Stable and Reusable Ceramic Encapsulated and Cross-Linked CalB Enzyme Particles for Rapid Hydrolysis and Esterification

Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) enzyme was encapsulated and cross-linked by silica matrix to enhance its thermal stability and reusability, and demonstrated an enzymatic ability for rapid hydrolysis and esterification. Silica encapsulated CalB particles (Si-E-CPs) and silica cross-linked CalB particles (Si-CL-CPs) were prepared as a function of TEOS concentration. The particle size analysis, thermal stability, catalytic activity in different pHs, and reusability of Si-E-CPs and Si-CL-CPs were demonstrated. Furthermore, the determination of the CalB enzyme in Si-E-CPs and Si-CL-CPs was achieved by Bradford assay and TGA analysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed against the p-nitrophenyl butyrate and the catalytic parameters (K_m, V_max, and K_cat) were calculated by the Michaelis–Menten equation and a Lineweaver–Burk plot. Moreover, enzymatic synthesis for benzyl benzoate was demonstrated by esterification with an acyl donor of benzoic acid and two acyl donors of benzoic anhydride. Although the conversion efficiency of Si-CL-CPs was not much higher than that of native CalB, it has an efficiency of 91% compared to native CalB and is expected to be very useful because it has high thermal and pH stability and excellent reusability.     

一种新型生物微胶囊制备方法

对多组分新型生物微胶囊———SA/NaCS CaCl2/PMCG微胶囊的制备进行了研究,考察了SA质量分数、NaCS质量分数、PMCG质量分数及成膜时间等主要因素对微胶囊性能的影响。实验结果表明SA和NaCS存在最佳质量分数,分别为1.5%和2.5%;随着PMCG质量分数增加及在PMCG中反应时间的延长,微胶囊膜越厚,机械强度则先增加后降低。最终得到膜层较薄、机械强度高、物化性质稳定的中空微胶囊,为其应用奠定了基础。     

NanoSolve--一种包裹亲油性活性物的新技术

说明厂磷脂是天然化妆品成分，指出传统加溶方式的缺点，介绍了一种用磷脂包裹亲油性活性物的新技术、NanoSolve的原理和优点及其在护肤品等领域的应用。     

Material encapsulation in poly(methyl methacrylate) shell: A review

Material encapsulation is a relatively new technique for coating a micro/nanosize particle or droplet with polymeric or inorganic shell. Encapsulation technology has many applications in various fields including drug delivery, cosmetic, agriculture, thermal energy storage, textile, and self-healing polymers. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used as shell material in encapsulation due to its high chemical stability, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and good mechanical properties. The main approach for micro/nanoencapsulation of materials using PMMA as shell comprises emulsion-based techniques such as emulsion polymerization and solvent evaporation from oil-in-water emulsion. In the present review, we first focus on the encapsulation techniques of liquid materials with PMMA shell by analyzing the effective processing parameters influencing the preparation of PMMA micro/nanocapsules. We then describe the morphology of PMMA capsules in emulsion systems according to thermodynamic relations. The techniques to investigation of mechanical properties of capsule shell and the release mechanisms of core material from PMMA capsules were also investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48039.