Effect of alkali on the refunctionalization of soy protein by hydrothermal cooking

The effects of hydrothermal cooking (HTC) at alkaline conditions on refunctionalization of heat-denatured protein of extruded-expelled (EE) soy meals and on preparation of soy protein isolate (SPI) from EE soy meal were determined. Two HTC setups, flashing-out HTC (without holding period) and HTC with holding for 42 s at 154°C, were evaluated. Alkali (NaOH) addition dramatically enhanced the refunctionalization of EE meal having an initial protein dispersibility index of 35. The more alkali added, the more refunctionalization occurred. Extensive refunctionalization was achieved at 0.6 mmol alkali/g EE meal, and additional improvement was small with more alkali. For both HTC setups, the solids and protein yields of SPI from alkali-HTC-treated EE meals were significantly higher than those from HTC without alkali addition. The yield of protein as SPI increased from 40 to 82% after HTC treatment at 0.6 mmol alkali/g EE meal compared with no alkali addition. The emulsification capacities of SPI after alkali-HTC were similar to those from HTC without alkali. SPI from holding-tube HTC-treated EE meals had higher emulsification capacities than those prepared by flashing-out HTC.     

Droplet size and viscosity of tackifier emulsions formed via phase inversion

Tackifier dispersions used in pressure‐sensitive adhesives are made by phase inverting an aqueous rosin ester emulsion. The recipe also includes rosin acid and potassium hydroxide which react to form a surfactant. The amount of surfactant available plays a key role in determining dispersion properties. As the surfactant concentration increases, the point of phase inversion is delayed to larger dispersed phase concentrations. This also results in excess dispersant in the liquid phase and a narrower particle size distribution, even though the droplet size remains relatively unchanged.     

剩余活性污泥碱性发酵液用于厌氧交替好氧-缺氧序批式反应器生物除磷脱氮的碳源的研究(英文)

Activated sludge process has been widely used to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewater. However, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal is sometimes unsatisfactory due to the low influent COD. Another problem with the activated sludge process is that large amount of waste activated sludge is produced, which needs further treatment. In this study, the waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation liquid was used as the main carbon source for phosphorus and nitrogen removal under anaerobic followed by alternating aerobic-anoxic conditions, and the results were compared with those using acetic acid as the carbon source. The use of alkaline fermentation liquid not only affected the transformations of phosphorus, nitrogen, intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen, but also led to higher removal efficiencies for phosphorus and nitrogen compared with acetic acid. It was observed that ammonium was completely removed with either alkaline fermentation liquid or acetic acid as the carbon source. However, the former resulted in higher removal efficiencies for phosphorus (95%) and nitrogen (82%), while the latter showed lower ones (87% and 74%, respectively). The presence of a large amount of propionic acid in the alkaline fermentation liquid was one possible reason for its higher phosphorus removal efficiency. Exogenous instead of endogenous denitrification was the main pathway for nitrogen removal with the alkaline fermentation liquid as the carbon source, which was responsible for its higher nitrogen removal efficiency. It seems that the alkaline fermentation liquid can replace acetic acid as the carbon source for phosphorus and nitrogen removal in anaerobic followed by alternating aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor.     

表面活性剂的混合乳化性质在退浆中的应用

将表面活性剂的混合乳化性质应用到棉线退浆中,讨论了表面活性剂复配比例、温度、pH值及处理时间等因素对退浆的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂退浆法最佳工艺条件为:十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)30 g/L,AEO-9 5 g/L,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)30 g/L,OP乳化剂10 g/L,pH6.5~7.5,温度70~80℃,处理时间60 min,在此条件下,棉线失重率为14.2%,白度为80.6。     

一种环保型乳化剂复配体系的研究

研究了淀粉糖苷非离子表面活性剂与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯钠盐阴离子型表面活性剂、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂的混合体系的乳化力的变化规律,找出复配体系的最佳配方,将其乳化性与常用的烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚进行比较。结果表明,复配后的体系有较低的表面张力,对菜油的乳化性与烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚相当,对变压器油的乳化性优于烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚。且该体系浊点高,泡沫稳定,乳化性能好。     

单烷基磷酸酯的应用性能研究

单烷基磷酸酯是一类重要的表面活性剂原料,广泛应用于日化、纺织、采矿等工业领域,但缺乏针对单烷基磷酸酯应用性能的系统研究。本文以提纯前后单烷基磷酸酯作为原料,研究了产品的乳化性、润湿性和起泡性,并测出了不同浓度的纯品单烷基磷酸酯溶液在室温下的表面张力,进一步求出了单烷基磷酸酯的cmc。实验结果表明:单烷基磷酸酯具有良好的乳化性和润湿性,提纯后单烷基磷酸酯乳化性、润湿性和起泡性均较未提纯粗品有明显提高,适合添加到对杂质含量要求苛刻的产品中。本文研究内容国内未见相关研究报告。     

一种脂多糖类乳化剂对稠油的乳化降黏研究

黄原胶和HBS-1都是微生物代谢产生的胞外聚合物。为了有效的降低NB 35-2稠油的黏度,进行了这两种生物聚合物及其与α-烯烃磺酸盐(AOS)复配对稠油的乳化对比实验。实验结果表明,当w(黄原胶)≥0.20%或复配体系中w(黄原胶)≥0.10%(w(AOS)=0.06%)时,形成的乳状液的稳定性好。随HBS-1质量分数增加,乳状液的稳定性提高,黏度下降;当HBS-1与AOS复配后,复配体系(w(HBS-1)=0.05%和w(AOS)=0.06%)形成的乳状液稳定性进一步提高,黏度也明显下降。此复配体系有利于NB 35-2稠油的乳化开采和运输。     

6-O-羧甲基壳聚糖的乳化性能与结构的关系

研究了甲壳素核甲基化反应条件对产物结构的影响,讨论了6-O-羧甲基壳聚糖的乳化性能与结构的关系,结果表明,产物取代度在0.7～0.9之间,-NH2含量＞64％,粘度＞0.14Pa·s,产物具有良好的乳化性和水溶性,并通过响应面分析（RSA）优化了改性条件,最佳反应条件是;甲壳素用40％NaOH溶液浸4h,在破与氯乙酸重量比为1.2：1和温度40℃条件下反应2h,再在50℃时保温12h,即制备得到一种水溶性高的新型乳化剂6-O-羧甲基亮聚精。     

甲叉聚丙烯酰胺改性衍生物的合成及应用

甲叉聚丙烯酰胺经水解、羟甲基化、氨甲基化反应,合成了N-(二甲氨基甲基)甲叉聚丙烯酰胺(MAMPAM),与2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)以n(MAMPAM)∶n(AMPS)=8∶1复配得到MAMPAM-AMPS。该复合物可作为一种原油黏度稳定剂,与乳化降黏剂复配使用,可防止高酸值原油在高剪切力条件下反相。使苏丹六区w(水)=20%、30%、40%、45%、50%的原油黏度分别稳定在444、426、418、414、410 mPa.s,同时缩短了原油脱水时间,并在吐哈油田玉东202-1井现场实验中得到印证。     

含油废水处理工艺研究进展及展望

许多工业过程中产生含油废水,如石油提炼、石化、食品、皮革和金属加工等,一直是工业污染防控的重点和难点。随着工业生产技术的不断发展,含油废水中特征污染物种类和排放量亦持续增加,对工业废水中油分的深度处理及回收提出了挑战。由于含油废水中有机物种类繁多、环境各异、内部反应复杂,不仅影响多级工艺的生产效率,而且存在一定的环境风险。因此,工业含油废水的高效深度处理及回收是工业污染防控的必然要求,对工业生产的可持续发展具有重要的推动作用。鉴于此,本文在系统解析工业含油废水特点的基础上,分别从单独工艺和组合工艺的视角综述了近年来国内外处理乳化油和溶解油的最新研究进展,重点分析了基于树脂吸附除油技术的原理特性、除油潜力、应用效益及其相较于其他除油技术的优势,最后对树脂除油技术的发展前景进行展望。