克拉玛依石化Ⅰ套蒸馏装置换热网络优化

介绍了中国石油克拉玛依石化公司Ⅰ套蒸馏装置换热网络优化方案及实施情况。通过利用国外先进的模拟优化软件和技术,并采用夹点技术对换热网络进行了优化分析,从而形成了投资效益比较高的优化方案。通过优化方案的实施,装置未新增任何设备,只调整了运行工艺参数,使装置0.6 MPa蒸汽增产2 t/h,降低电负荷17.5 k W,降低热负荷895.5 k W,每年节能效益44.20万元,约占改造前成本的1.03%,节能效果显著。     

远红外加热工作波段及辐射源温度的选择

在远红外加热过程中，被加热物料对红外辐射的吸收遵从吸收定律，本文从这一律出发，分布了对于不同的加热对象和加热目的，如何选择最佳工作波段和辐射源浊国度，才能达到节能和加热效果好等目标。     

LNG冷量优化集成利用技术

我国将相继在沿海地区建成多个LNG接收站，每年将进口数以千万吨计的LNG，同时携带数着巨额冷量，而这些冷量可用于发电、空气分离、制造干冰、低温冷库等众多领域。基于国外LNG冷量利用现状，指出我国即将展开和实施此项技术还存在着：过程火用损较大，缺乏系统、全面的LNG冷量利用技术的研发指导机制，以及宏观调控力度薄弱等问题，进而提出了发展LNG冷量的集成利用方案，可为此类技术的研发利用提供新思路。以福建即将进口的LNG为例，模拟了空气分离与干冰制备的集成工艺流程，结果表明：福建每年进口的260×10⁴t LNG可以冷却290×10⁴t空气，相当于60000 m³/h的氧气制备规模，还可以生产100×10⁴t的干冰，其过程火用损较小；其剩余的高温位冷量可应用于低温冻结库或冰灯等项目，这对主体装置的实施效果和过程火用损的影响较小。该技术的优点在于可灵活控制冷却空气的液化率，基本不用冷却循环水，流程简单，设备投资少，能耗低等。     

游梁式抽油机间歇供电装置的研制与应用

针对游梁抽油机电动机效率低和井场窃电问题,研制了具有节电和防井场窃电功能的游梁抽油机调压+间歇供电装置。该装置通过控制可控硅的导通角实现在电动机做功期调压供电,在电动机发电期不供电。分析了间歇供电对电动机、抽油机和电网的影响;根据现场实测数据分析了该装置的节电效果及现场应用情况。该装置节电效果显著,能防止井场窃电,可用于对游梁抽油机电动机的长期驱动。     

优化再接触操作降低连续重整装置能耗

针对中国石油化工股份有限公司北京燕山分公司炼油厂UOP第二代连续重整装置运行能耗状况．通过采取适当提高反应压力，优化再接触操作条件，提高单台氢气增压机输送量等措施，达到了节约电耗的目的。实际运行情况说明。适当提高反应压力后虽然降低了液体收率。但是节电的效益远大于液收降低造成的效益损失．是装置节能的一个新方法。     

浅谈创建节约型油库

介绍了中国石化江苏盐城石油分公司新兴油库创建节约型油库活动的经验和取得的较好的经济效益。他们的做法是：高度重视，提高全员创建思想意识。充分发挥员工的积极作用；细化措施，努力挖掘降本增效空间；强化监控，建立健全长效管理机制。     

A genetic algorithm‐based task scheduling for cloud resource crowd‐funding model

With the rapid development of cloud computing, the number of cloud users is growing exponentially. Data centers have come under great pressure, and the problem of power consumption has become increasingly prominent. However, many idle resources that are geographically distributed in the network can be used as resource providers for cloud tasks. These distributed resources may not be able to support the resource‐intensive applications alone because of their limited capacity; however, the capacity will be considerably increased if they can cooperate with each other and share resources. Therefore, in this paper, a new resource‐providing model called “crowd‐funding” is proposed. In the crowd‐funding model, idle resources can be collected to form a virtual resource pool for providing cloud services. Based on this model, a new task scheduling algorithm is proposed, RC‐GA (genetic algorithm for task scheduling based on a resource crowd‐funding model). For crowd‐funding, the resources come from different heterogeneous devices, so the resource stability should be considered different. The scheduling targets of the RC‐GA are designed to increase the stability of task execution and reduce power consumption at the same time. In addition, to reduce random errors in the evolution process, the roulette wheel selection operator of the genetic algorithm is improved. The experiment shows that the RC‐GA can achieve good results.     

半再生重整装置能耗分析及节能措施

分析了青岛石油化工有限责任公司25万t/a半再生催化重整装置的能耗现状.通过采取降低反应压力及温度等措施,使汽油收率提高了3.87个百分点,总液收提高了2.21个百分点;通过改变加热炉设备的温度控制方式,使瓦斯单耗下降5.64 m3/t;通过对氧含量分析控制系统的改进,使瓦斯单耗下降2.44 m3/t,加热炉效率提高0.8个百分点.     

Simulation of energy saving in Iranian buildings using integrative modelling for insulation

According to one survey on energy consumption in Iran, commercial and building sector consume more energy than any other economic sectors. For example, about 38% of total energy that consumed in year 2001 has been used for space heating. Insulation in external walls of buildings has an important role to reduce the environmental effects on indoor space condition. Therefore, always using insulation is an alternative to avoid from the energy loss. In this paper, the effects of the using of a proper insulation on the energy saving in Iranian buildings are studied. For this purpose, an integrative modelling is used for simulation of the energy consumption in buildings. It is shown that energy consumption per square meter of buildings can be reduced up to 35.2% when insulation is used for external walls.