深圳中小学建筑环境适应性设计策略研究

通过对深圳市中小学建筑进行调研,分析其在设计过程中遇到的高密度城市环境、原生地形地貌环境、南方湿热气候环境三大典型外部环境因素。并提出针对性策略,包括重视城市环境对项目的影响、校园景观与原生环境和谐共生、建筑手法与绿色技术兼顾达到低碳环保。旨在提供一种在中小学建筑设计时,处理好建筑与外部环境协调关系的设计思路。     

The Growing Role of Transportation Funding in Regional Habitat Conservation Planning

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Regional conservation initiatives struggle to meet funding needs when complying with the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1996 and need money early to pay for required planning and to acquire land to mitigate the impact of development. Transportation agencies struggle to comply with the ESA and have increasingly been willing to fund regional habitat conservation plans (RHCPs) to do so. We review documents from 22 RHCPs and interview representatives of 16 RHCPs to understand how transportation agencies have contributed to funding RHCPs. We find that transportation agencies mitigate their impacts and provide early and consistent financing to facilitate the planning process, help RHCPs establish initial conservation preserves, and allow RHCPs to capitalize on lower land prices during downturns in the development market. We only sample RHCPs in a few states, however, and these examples may not comply with laws in others. Many of the cases studied are recent; time is needed to assess their long-term success. We recommend further study to assess applications to sectors beyond transportation and beyond the areas we studied.

Takeaway for practice: Transportation agencies have struggled to meet environmental requirements and habitat conservation agencies have typically considered transportation agencies threats to the environment. Where adversarial relationships can be overcome, partnerships between transportation and conservation programs can effectively finance habitat conservation while facilitating capital investments in transportation systems.     

Sustainability in highrise building design and construction

This paper presents a review of the recent literature on sustainability in construction and design with a focus on highrise buildings. The paper is divided into the following main sections: energy consumption, environmental effects and green practices for highrise buildings. A number of concepts in sustainable design are reviewed including passive solar design, renewable energy resources, cogeneration and tri‐generations, embodied energy reduction, net zero energy building, carbon emission reduction, envelope environment quality, green materials, efficient mechanical design and innovative structural systems. Their applications in a dozen signature and iconic structures are described. In order to achieve net zero energy in a new highrise building, first, multiple green solutions need to be evaluated using two categorical solutions: passive solar and envelop environment design and renewable energy resources along with efficient energy generators. Next, a robust optimization algorithm should be used to select the optimum set of solutions. This is worth pursuing in future sustainable design of highrise buildings because they are massive and complex structures with many components. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向城市设计的环境实景感知实证研究

随着人们对生活期望的提高,城市设计开始越来越注重空间环境如何提升城市生活的质量和健康。神经科学和计算机图形学等技术的发展让我们能够更好的描述和测量物理环境对人情绪、认知等心智健康的影响,也能够更好的控制模拟环境刺激。文章简要总结了近两年来课题组在环境感知测量及设计决策支持方面的研究进展,主要包括基于脑电和脑网络分析的环境认知能力影响、基于自主神经反馈的环境情感地图分析和情绪测量,以及基于激光扫描的虚拟环境构建等方面。     

国家博物馆大广场中庭烟气控制研究

依据《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》国家博物馆大广场中庭设计排烟量需达到160万m^3／h。笔者利用性能化防火设计的方法对国家博物馆中庭内的防排烟系统进行分析设计，确保火灾时中庭内烟气在人员疏散完毕之前不会达到危险状态。结果表明，在消防设施正常工作的务件下，51万m^3／h的排烟量可以将中庭内的烟气控制住，保证人员的安全疏散。     

基坑工程对邻近地铁隧道影响的分析与对策

上海市闸北区大宁商业中心基坑东侧围护体距离已运行地铁隧道的最小净距仅为5.45 m。本文主要介绍了该工程中为控制隧道变形采取的设计技术措施:盆式开挖配合钢管斜坡撑代替大面积支撑、地铁侧坑内被动区采用水泥土搅拌桩加固和遵循时空效应原理的设计开挖工况等。同时针对本工程设计以变形控制为主的特点,采用了三维连续介质有限元法分析了开挖所引起的环境效应,其中土体采用修正剑桥模型模拟。同时采取了不同计算方案对比分析了采用抽条开挖的有效性,为设计和施工提供了有益的参考。     

城市广场中环境小品的地域性创作研究

本文对具有地域特色，设计较为成功的现有环境小品进行考察分析，深入了解其所应具有的社会公共精神以及环境小品自身的空间特性、尺度尺寸、功能作用、特点特征、文化内涵等要求，并结合大量的实际设计个例，分析与探讨了城市广场中环境小品作为地域文化物质载体表现方式和手段。其目的在于为当代环境小品的设计提供基础的理论，同时提出些可操作性的环境小品的地域性创作原则与方法。     

探讨经济林木在我国北方城市环境绿化中的应用前景

根据我国北方城市绿化中存在的主要问题分析了经济林木在北方城市环境建设中的优势和推广发展的前景．探讨了城市环境建设中经济林应用可能出现的问题．并提出了应对的措施建议。     

性能化设计方法在烟气控制安全评估中的应用

根据已建立的烟控模型结合某工程实例 ,按照建筑防火性能化设计的步骤和要求进行了一次性能化设计的二级评估。通过实践 ,验证了烟控模型在建筑防火性能化设计中可发挥的重要作用 ,并提出了中庭防火设计在规格式规范设计方案之外的又一方案     

走向可持续发展的环境伦理观

简要地阐述和分析了环境伦理学的发展史，对各种主要的环境伦理学观点进行了分析比较．由此对城市的可持续发展问题提出了一些初步的看法，认为当前作为建筑师应当转变旧有的以人为中心的环境伦理学观念，从个体思维转变为整体思维、从关注局部到统筹全局、紧扣国情，力求创新。