Enzymatic sensing with laccase-functionalized textile organic biosensors

Herein we present a textile wearable electrochemical transistor by functionalizing a single cotton yarn with semiconducting polymer. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), which is low cost and completely integrated e-textile, is decorated by adsorption of the fungal laccase POXA1b, and is used as biosensor for the direct detection of Tyrosine (L-Tyr) without the use of electron mediators. The detection of Tyr in real-case scenario such as human physiological fluids would own a paramount importance in noninvasive analysis of the patient's condition, monitoring and preventing several pathologies. To assess the reaction progression, the redox process is studied by UV–visible absorption with test reference molecule of 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS): the results confirmed that the oxidation reaction is driven by the presence of laccase enzyme and direct electron transfer occurred. The modulation of the signal response and the kinetic of the signal is used to detect Tyr molecule in aqueous solution and the role of the enzyme adsorption on the textile is analyzed. A kinetic analysis of the characteristic modulation times of the sensing curves, confirm the sensing properties of the textile device. The textile-based biosensor is demonstrated to monitor human health biomarkers through wearable applications in a non-invasive way, finding potential application in sport, healthcare and working safety.     

Enzymatic Browning in Apple Pulps

Enzymatic browning in Golden Delicious apple pulp was studied as related to degree of ripeness and temperature (3.5–31°C). Green apple pulp showed the highest rate of browning. This was attributable to differences in ascorbic acid (AA) content and polyphenoloxidase activity in young fruits. The rate of browning determined by CIE L* measurements followed complex temperature dependent kinetics, represented by a multiple linear effects with log time. Equal changes in L* parameter yielded straight lines in a log temperature vs log time plot. Inhibition with AA caused an initial slow rate of browning and a well defined break point associated with exhaustion of antioxidant properties of the AA. The greater the AA concentration the longer the initial period.     

Polyphenoloxidase Activity, Polyphenols Concentration and Browning Intensity during Soursop (Annona muricata, L.) Maturation

Values for polyphenoloxidase (PPO), total phenols and ascorbic acid, browning intensity and pH in soursops (Annona muricata, L.) decreased during maturation. Optimum pH was 7.5 (fully developed immature, mature unripe and ripe fruits) or 7.0 (fully ripe fruits). High correlation was found between PPO activity and phenolic compounds. The enzymic browning of soursops occurred during maturation. The least browning intensity was in fully ripe fruits.     

木瓜蛋白酶嫩化鹅胸肉的工艺优化

为改善鹅肉品质,该研究采用木瓜蛋白酶嫩化技术旨在分析不同处理条件对鹅肉的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析进行四因素三水平工艺优化试验。分别以酶的质量分数（A）、温度（B）、pH值（C）、时间（D）四个因素作为自变量,以感官特征作为响应面指标,通过回归分析确定了获得最佳感官的加工条件为酶的质量分数0.076%,温度60 ℃,pH值7.6,时间55 min。此条件下的感官评价可以达到82.5分,于鹅肉处理前（59.7）有显著提高,剪切力为26.47 N,相比于嫩化前下降了38.83%,整体品质有明显的改善。实际感官品质结果与模型值接近,说明该模型具有良好的预测效果。为建立酶法嫩化技术提供了一定的数据和理论基础。     

不同酵母多糖及酵母种类对荔枝酒品质的影响

通过添加不同酵母多糖发酵荔枝酒以及采用不同酵母菌种发酵酿制荔枝酒,分别研究酵母多糖种类、添加量、添加时间以及酵母种类对荔枝酒理化指标、感官品质的影响及防褐变效果。结果显示,在荔枝汁中添加250 mg/L Optired酵母多糖,发酵所得成品酒酒精度为12.8%vol,总酸、挥发酸等理化指标均符合国标,可显著提高荔枝酒感官品质,同时对荔枝汁中酚类物质有良好的保护作用,成品酒总酚含量提高35.9%,明显延缓其褐变进程,加速褐变后其褐变率下降156.2%。采用富产多糖的酵母发酵,其酿制的荔枝酒果香酒香浓郁协调,口感醇厚,圆润丰满,在贮藏过程中能有效保持香气、色泽、新鲜度等感官质量的稳定性,其中酵母BM4×4最为适宜。     

酶法破壁提取蜂花粉功能成分的工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

目的 探索酶解结合超声和碱解从而高效破壁和提取蜂花粉中的活性成分。方法 采用扫描电镜对蜂花粉微观结构进行分析,并使用高效液相色谱法分析酚类物质的组成和含量变化。结果 经12.5%碱性蛋白酶酶解1 h后,蜂花粉可溶出部分的总酚、总黄酮和ABTS抗氧化值都达到最高值,分别为14.14±0.23 mg GAE/g dw, 2.34±0.04 mg RE/g dw和167.06±1.39 mg μM TE/g dw。将酶解辅以超声协同0.3 mol/L NaOH处理后,总酚、总黄酮、ABTS自由基清除能力及铁离子还原能力相比未处理花粉分别提高了191%、39%、69%和162%。扫描电镜结果显示,碱处理酶解后花粉细胞壁破碎程度显著增加,花粉内含物质从裂口处向外溢出,与理化指标趋势一致。最佳工艺条件为0.3 M NaOH超声-碱处理1 h,调节pH至7,12.5%的碱性蛋白酶于50℃下酶解1h。结论 超声碱处理可辅助酶解实现蜂花粉的高效破壁,同时小肽、多酚、黄酮等营养成分也进一步溶出,促进了蜂花粉的高值化利用。     

冰淇淋专用大豆分离蛋白的酶法改性

研究了大豆分离蛋白用Alcalase碱性蛋白内切酶改性,使大豆分离蛋白轻度改性,研究其乳化特性和起泡性这两个功能特性,得出了预处理及酶解的最佳条件.     

鸡肉酶解过程中呈味成分变化规律研究(英文)

本文研究了Alcalase水解鸡肉过程中其呈味成分变化规律。在整个酶解过程中,游离氨基酸和可溶性氮含量一直以不同趋势增加,而肽含量则在前16h增加,然后缓慢降低。鲜/甜味、苦味氨基酸的组成与含量对鸡肉酶解产物的最终风味有很大的影响。酶解产物中的糖在酶解2h后达到最大值,然后总体上表现为下降趋势。由于酶解产物中糖量较低,其对酶解产物的风味影响不大,但其对产物颜色有重要影响。酶解中,pH在前20min内显著下降,然后减势变缓直到几乎保持恒定,这表明酶解产物的缓冲能力明显增强。