Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Freeze-Dried and Oven Dried Corn Gluten Meals

The physicochemical and functional properties of convection oven- and freeze-dried gluten meals of two corn varieties were evaluated. The physicochemical properties (water solubility index, water absorption index, Hunter color parameters, and bulk density) and functional properties (water absorption, oil absorption, least gelation concentration, protein solubility, and emulsification properties) of convection-oven and freeze-dried corn gluten meals were compared with each other and soy flour. Freeze-dried corn gluten meals was observed to have lower bulk density (0.244-0.263 kg/m³) and was lighter in color (high L and ΔE) compared to their counterpart convection oven-dried gluten meals. Freeze-dried gluten meals from both corn varieties showed significantly higher oil absorption, water absorption, pH, emulsification, and protein solubility compared to oven-dried corn gluten meals. The gluten meals from both corn varieties had lower water absorption and bulk density but higher oil absorption than soy flour, suggesting the hydrophobic nature of corn proteins. Corn gluten meals formed thin (pourable) emulsions compared to soy flour emulsions, which were thick salad dressing type. Freeze- and convection oven-dried corn gluten meals showed significantly lower protein solubility measured at different pH than soy flour.     

Student acceptance of unique meals

Students (N = 167) from the 4th, 8th, and 11th grades sorted meals, listed on individual cards, according to whether they would or would not eat them. Students were told to either consider eating the meals at home or at school. Forty-two different meals were selected from a pool of unique meals created by students in a previous study. The meals differed in head component, the presence or absence of vegetables, and the number of different foodstuffs. On average, approximately half of the meals were deemed acceptable, but older students accepted more meals than younger ones, boys accepted more meals than girls, and meals to be consumed at home were accepted more than those to be consumed at school. In addition, students tended to accept meals comprised of a small number of foodstuffs that did not contain vegetables. The also chose more meat-based meals over those containing fish or soup. These results suggest that students have rather unique food preferences that do not correspond well with nutritional standards. In order to address this problem we recommended that students be given more good choices in the school cafeteria through the introduction of a two-meal system and salad bars.     

Phosphorus seed coating increases phosphorus uptake,early growth and yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) grown on an acid sandy soil in Niger,West Africa

In pot and field experiments conducted in 1990 and 1991 on an acid sandy, phosphorus (P) deficient soil in Niger, West Africa, the effect of seed coating on seedling emergence, early growth and grain yield of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) was studied. Seeds of pearl millet were coated with different rates (0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 5.0; 10.0 mg P seed^–1) and types of P fertilizers (single superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; monocalcium phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium triphosphate). Seedling emergence was generally reduced at coating rates higher than 0.5 mg P seed^–1 and prevented with single superphosphate and sodium triphosphate at rates higher than 5 mg P seed^–1. No correlation was found between the pH and osmomolity of the coatings and final emergence of millet seedlings. The most favourable effect on plant growth and P content was achieved with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (AHP) as seed coating. This was attributed to the enhancement effect of ammonium on P uptake. Compared to the untreated control dry matter production at 20 days after planting (DAP) was increased by 280%, P content per plant by 330%, total biomass at maturity by 30% and grain yield by 45%. Although seed coating with AHP may be harmful to seedlings emergence, it represents a suitable method to enhance early growth and increase yield of pearl millet.     

黄荆提取物对几种害虫的杀虫活性

研究了黄荆种子二氯甲烷提取物对5种害虫的杀虫活性以及对天敌异色瓢虫的安全性。结果表明：黄荆提取物对菜青虫、小菜蛾、麦长管蚜和桃蚜都有较高的杀虫活性，尤其是对菜青虫的活性最高，稀释100倍，处理4龄幼虫死亡率可达93．3％。但对大猿叶甲的杀虫活性则很低。黄荆提取物对异色瓢虫幼虫有一定的杀虫活性，但对其成虫无任何影响。本研究结果为开发利用这一新的杀虫植物资源提供了依据。     

一种变形表面的三维测量方法

提出一种新的利用标定图像进行三维测量的方法。利用SIFT算法找到初始的对应点,然后根据这些点生成三维空间中的种子点,再以这些种子点为中心,向外区域增长,直到完成整个物体表面测量。在每次增长的过程中,需要计算增长的三维空间平面在两个相机上的投影之间的图像相关系数。图像相关系数较大时认为是正确的增长,否则是错误的增长。实验证明,使用该方法能够得到很好的三维测量结果。     

跟踪窗口尺度自动更新的Mean—Shift跟踪算法

Mean—Shift算法作为一种高效的模式匹配算法,已经广泛地应用在实时性要求较高的目标跟踪系统中,但标准的Mean—shift跟踪算法缺乏窗口尺度自动更新机制无法满足图像中运动目标尺寸变化的需要。在分析图像的轮廓检测的基础上提出了一种窗口自动更新方法,实验证明本算法能够有效地跟踪尺寸变化的目标并且提高了跟踪精度,增强了跟踪稳定性。     

隐核最小二乘分类器在故障诊断中的应用

作为一种基于正定核的学习方法,传统支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)能较好地解决小样本、非线性、过学习、维数灾和局部极小等问题,从而广泛应用于模式识别、回归估计等领域。当前,核方法及其在故障诊断中的应用引起了人们的广泛重视并成为研究热点。为解决传统支持向量对核函数正定性的限制及求解速度不高的缺陷,通过引入最小二乘支持向量机分类算法提高学习速度,采用隐核特征映射技术实现核函数的进一步扩展,提出了一种新的隐核最小二乘分类器(HKLSC)算法。将其应用于实际工业过程的故障诊断中并根据采集的滚动轴承数据进行了仿真。结果表明,该隐核分类器具有很好的故障诊断性能,为故障诊断提供了一种新的有效途径。     

舰载武器系统局部故障分析方法与研究

针对舰载电子与武器装备结构复杂、设备数量庞大、分布舱室多、检测点分散不集中等问题,在充分调研论证基础上,以系统局部故障分析研究为切入点,提出适用于舰船武器装备特点的局部故障的分析方法;对系统的局部故障我们采用故障树的方法进行界定,并通过核心路径跟踪技术来确定检测点;采用核心路径在线故障检测方法,有效地节省测试资源,提高测试效率。     

固态功率组件热耦合效应研究

文中基于热叠加原理研究了固态功率组件中多个离散分布的集中热源的热耦合效应,并证明强迫对流下应用热叠加原理计算的温度场与整场系统数值模拟的结果相当吻合,用它来进行热耦合效应的分析研究是有效的.     

CNN parameter design based on fault signal analysis and its application in bearing fault diagnosis

As a representative deep learning network, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been extensively used in bearing fault diagnosis and many good results have been reported. In Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) field, the CNN’s input size is usually designed as a 1D vector or 2D square matrix, and the convolution kernel size is also defined as a square shape like 3 × 3 and 5 × 5, which are directly adopted from the image recognition. Though satisfying results can be obtained, CNN with such parameter specifications is not optimal and efficient. To this end, this paper elaborated the physical characteristics of bearing acceleration signals to guide the CNN design. First, the fault period under different fault types and shaft rotation frequency were used to determine the size of CNN’s input. Next, an exponential function was involved in fitting the envelope of decaying acceleration signal during each fault period, and signal length within different decaying ratios was used to define the CNN’s kernel size. Finally, the designed CNN was validated with the Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset and Paderborn University bearing dataset. Results confirm that the physics-guided CNN (PGCNN) with rectangular input shape and rectangular convolution kernel works better than the baseline CNN with higher accuracy and smaller uncertainty. The feasibility of designing CNN parameters with physics-guided rules derived from bearing fault signal analysis has also been verified.